mysqli::real_escape_string

mysqli::escape_string

mysqli_real_escape_string

(PHP 5, PHP 7)

mysqli::real_escape_string -- mysqli::escape_string -- mysqli_real_escape_stringEscapes special characters in a string for use in an SQL statement, taking into account the current charset of the connection

Descrierea

Stil obiect-orientat

public mysqli::escape_string ( string $escapestr ) : string
mysqli::real_escape_string ( string $escapestr ) : string

Stil procedural

mysqli_real_escape_string ( mysqli $link , string $escapestr ) : string

This function is used to create a legal SQL string that you can use in an SQL statement. The given string is encoded to an escaped SQL string, taking into account the current character set of the connection.

Precauţie

Security: the default character set

The character set must be set either at the server level, or with the API function mysqli_set_charset() for it to affect mysqli_real_escape_string(). See the concepts section on character sets for more information.

Parametri

link

Numai stilul procedural: Un identificator al legăturii întors de mysqli_connect() sau mysqli_init()

escapestr

The string to be escaped.

Characters encoded are NUL (ASCII 0), \n, \r, \, ', ", and Control-Z.

Valorile întoarse

Returns an escaped string.

Erori/Excepții

Executing this function without a valid MySQLi connection passed in will return null and emit E_WARNING level errors.

Exemple

Example #1 mysqli::real_escape_string() example

Stil obiect-orientat

<?php
$mysqli 
= new mysqli("localhost""my_user""my_password""world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    
printf("Connect failed: %s\n"mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCity LIKE City");

$city "'s Hertogenbosch";

/* this query will fail, cause we didn't escape $city */
if (!$mysqli->query("INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
    
printf("Error: %s\n"$mysqli->sqlstate);
}

$city $mysqli->real_escape_string($city);

/* this query with escaped $city will work */
if ($mysqli->query("INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
    
printf("%d Row inserted.\n"$mysqli->affected_rows);
}

$mysqli->close();
?>

Stil procedural

<?php
$link 
mysqli_connect("localhost""my_user""my_password""world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    
printf("Connect failed: %s\n"mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

mysqli_query($link"CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCity LIKE City");

$city "'s Hertogenbosch";

/* this query will fail, cause we didn't escape $city */
if (!mysqli_query($link"INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
    
printf("Error: %s\n"mysqli_sqlstate($link));
}

$city mysqli_real_escape_string($link$city);

/* this query with escaped $city will work */
if (mysqli_query($link"INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
    
printf("%d Row inserted.\n"mysqli_affected_rows($link));
}

mysqli_close($link);
?>

Exemplele de mai sus vor afișa:

Error: 42000
1 Row inserted.

Note

Notă:

For those accustomed to using mysql_real_escape_string(), note that the arguments of mysqli_real_escape_string() differ from what mysql_real_escape_string() expects. The link identifier comes first in mysqli_real_escape_string(), whereas the string to be escaped comes first in mysql_real_escape_string().

A se vedea și

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User Contributed Notes 9 notes

up
131
tobias_demuth at web dot de
18 years ago
Note, that if no connection is open, mysqli_real_escape_string() will return an empty string!
up
52
Josef Toman
14 years ago
For percent sign and underscore I use this:
<?php
$more_escaped
= addcslashes($escaped, '%_');
?>
up
41
dave at mausner.us
13 years ago
You can avoid all character escaping issues (on the PHP side) if you use prepare() and bind_param(), as an alternative to placing arbitrary string values in SQL statements.  This works because bound parameter values are NOT passed via the SQL statement syntax.
up
34
arnoud at procurios dot nl
19 years ago
Note that this function will NOT escape _ (underscore) and % (percent) signs, which have special meanings in LIKE clauses.

As far as I know there is no function to do this, so you have to escape them yourself by adding a backslash in front of them.
up
16
therselman at gmail dot com
6 years ago
Presenting several UTF-8 / Multibyte-aware escape functions.

These functions represent alternatives to mysqli::real_escape_string, as long as your DB connection and Multibyte extension are using the same character set (UTF-8), they will produce the same results by escaping the same characters as mysqli::real_escape_string.

This is based on research I did for my SQL Query Builder class:
https://github.com/twister-php/sql

<?php
/**
* Returns a string with backslashes before characters that need to be escaped.
* As required by MySQL and suitable for multi-byte character sets
* Characters encoded are NUL (ASCII 0), \n, \r, \, ', ", and ctrl-Z.
*
* @param string $string String to add slashes to
* @return $string with `\` prepended to reserved characters
*
* @author Trevor Herselman
*/
if (function_exists('mb_ereg_replace'))
{
    function
mb_escape(string $string)
    {
        return
mb_ereg_replace('[\x00\x0A\x0D\x1A\x22\x27\x5C]', '\\\0', $string);
    }
} else {
    function
mb_escape(string $string)
    {
        return
preg_replace('~[\x00\x0A\x0D\x1A\x22\x27\x5C]~u', '\\\$0', $string);
    }
}

?>

Characters escaped are (the same as mysqli::real_escape_string):

00 = \0 (NUL)
0A = \n
0D = \r
1A = ctl-Z
22 = "
27 = '
5C = \

Note: preg_replace() is in PCRE_UTF8 (UTF-8) mode (`u`).

Enhanced version:

When escaping strings for `LIKE` syntax, remember that you also need to escape the special characters _ and %

So this is a more fail-safe version (even when compared to mysqli::real_escape_string, because % characters in user input can cause unexpected results and even security violations via SQL injection in LIKE statements):

<?php

/**
* Returns a string with backslashes before characters that need to be escaped.
* As required by MySQL and suitable for multi-byte character sets
* Characters encoded are NUL (ASCII 0), \n, \r, \, ', ", and ctrl-Z.
* In addition, the special control characters % and _ are also escaped,
* suitable for all statements, but especially suitable for `LIKE`.
*
* @param string $string String to add slashes to
* @return $string with `\` prepended to reserved characters
*
* @author Trevor Herselman
*/
if (function_exists('mb_ereg_replace'))
{
    function
mb_escape(string $string)
    {
        return
mb_ereg_replace('[\x00\x0A\x0D\x1A\x22\x25\x27\x5C\x5F]', '\\\0', $string);
    }
} else {
    function
mb_escape(string $string)
    {
        return
preg_replace('~[\x00\x0A\x0D\x1A\x22\x25\x27\x5C\x5F]~u', '\\\$0', $string);
    }
}

?>

Additional characters escaped:

25 = %
5F = _

Bonus function:

The original MySQL `utf8` character-set (for tables and fields) only supports 3-byte sequences.
4-byte characters are not common, but I've had queries fail to execute on 4-byte UTF-8 characters, so you should be using `utf8mb4` wherever possible.

However, if you still want to use `utf8`, you can use the following function to replace all 4-byte sequences.

<?php
// Modified from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/24672780/2726557
function mysql_utf8_sanitizer(string $str)
{
    return
preg_replace('/[\x{10000}-\x{10FFFF}]/u', "\xEF\xBF\xBD", $str);
}
?>

Pick your poison and use at your own risk!
up
10
Anonymous
8 years ago
If you wonder why (besides \, ' and ")  NUL (ASCII 0), \n, \r, and Control-Z are escaped: it is not to prevent sql injection, but to prevent your sql logfile to get unreadable.
up
-1
ASchmidt at Anamera dot net
2 years ago
Caution when escaping the % and _ wildcard characters. According to an often overlooked note at the bottom of:

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/string-literals.html#character-escape-sequences

the escape sequences \% and \_ will ONLY be interpreted as % and _, *if* they occur in a LIKE! (Same for MySQL 8.0)

In regular string literals, the escape sequences \% and \_ are treated as those two character pairs. So if those escape sequences appear in a WHERE "=" instead of a WHERE LIKE, they would NOT match a single % or _ character!

Consequently, one MUST use two "escape" functions: The real-escape-string (or equivalent) for regular string literals, and an amended escape function JUST for string literals that are intended to be used in LIKE.
up
-3
Lawrence DOliveiro
6 years ago
Note that the “like” operator requires an *additional* level of escaping for its special characters, *on top of* that performed by mysql_escape_string. But there is no built-in function for performing this escaping. Here is a function that does it:

function escape_sql_wild($s)
  /* escapes SQL pattern wildcards in s. */
  {
    $result = array();
    foreach(str_split($s) as $ch)
      {
        if ($ch == "\\" || $ch == "%" || $ch == "_")
          {
            $result[] = "\\";
          } /*if*/
        $result[] = $ch;
      } /*foreach*/
    return
        implode("", $result);
  } /*escape_sql_wild*/
up
-4
David Spector
5 years ago
I think two additional characters need to be removed or escaped to protect from injection: ` (accent grave) and ; (semicolon). Accent grave could be used to inject into table and key names, terminating them too early (if user input is allowed as table or key names), and semicolon could be used to insert additional statements into an SQL statement. Always use ` (accent grave) to surround table, key, and column names, and always use ' (apostrophe) to surround column values in SQL statements, especially if the names or values can ever contain spaces.
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