random_int

(PHP 7, PHP 8)

random_int获取生成加密安全、均匀分布的整数

说明

random_int(int $min, int $max): int

生成在指定最小值和最大值之间均匀分布的整数。

该函数生成的随机性适用于所有应用,包括生成长期秘密,如加密密钥。

此函数使用的随机性来源先后顺序如下:

  • Linux:» getrandom()/dev/urandom

  • FreeBSD >= 12(PHP >= 7.3):» getrandom()/dev/urandom

  • Windows(PHP >= 7.2):» CNG-API

    Windows:» CryptGenRandom

  • macOS(PHP >= 8.2;>= 8.1.9;>= 8.0.22 如果 CCRandomGenerateBytes 在编译时可用):CCRandomGenerateBytes()

    macOS(PHP >= 8.1;>= 8.0.2):arc4random_buf()、/dev/urandom

  • NetBSD >= 7(PHP >= 7.1;>= 7.0.1):arc4random_buf()、/dev/urandom

  • OpenBSD >= 5.5(PHP >= 7.1;>= 7.0.1):arc4random_buf()、/dev/urandom

  • DragonflyBSD(PHP >= 8.1):» getrandom()/dev/urandom

  • Solaris(PHP >= 8.1):» getrandom()/dev/urandom

  • 未提及的 PHP 版本和操作系统的组合:/dev/urandom
  • 如果没有可用的来源或它们都无法生成随机性,则将抛出 Random\RandomException

注意: 虽然此函数是 PHP 7.0 添加到 PHP 中,但是从 PHP 5.2 到 PHP 5.6 都可以用 » 用户级实现

参数

min

要返回的最小值。

max

要返回的最大值。

返回值

从闭合区间 [min, max] 返回加密安全、均匀分布的整数。minmax 都有可能返回。

错误/异常

更新日志

版本 说明
8.2.0 CSPRNG 失败时,此函数现在将抛出 Random\RandomException。之前抛出普通的 Exception

示例

示例 #1 random_int() 示例

<?php
var_dump
(random_int(100, 999));
var_dump(random_int(-1000, 0));
?>

以上示例的输出类似于:

int(248)
int(-898)

参见

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User Contributed Notes 4 notes

up
5
bens at effortlessis dot com
3 years ago
On my system (5th gen i7) random_int() takes about 14x longer to do the same number of calculations than rand().

for ($i=0; $i<10000000; $i++)
        $x = rand(1, PHP_INT_MAX);

Takes 0.86 seconds for rand(), 12.29 seconds for random_int(). So use random_int() somewhat sparingly.

If it's not really important to be truly random, use rand() instead, especially in a tight loop.
up
14
s rotondo90 at gmail com
7 years ago
Here is a simple backporting function, it works for PHP >= 5.1

<?php
if (!function_exists('random_int')) {
    function
random_int($min, $max) {
        if (!
function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv')) {
           
trigger_error(
               
'mcrypt must be loaded for random_int to work',
               
E_USER_WARNING
           
);
            return
null;
        }
       
        if (!
is_int($min) || !is_int($max)) {
           
trigger_error('$min and $max must be integer values', E_USER_NOTICE);
           
$min = (int)$min;
           
$max = (int)$max;
        }
       
        if (
$min > $max) {
           
trigger_error('$max can\'t be lesser than $min', E_USER_WARNING);
            return
null;
        }
       
       
$range = $counter = $max - $min;
       
$bits = 1;
       
        while (
$counter >>= 1) {
            ++
$bits;
        }
       
       
$bytes = (int)max(ceil($bits/8), 1);
       
$bitmask = pow(2, $bits) - 1;

        if (
$bitmask >= PHP_INT_MAX) {
           
$bitmask = PHP_INT_MAX;
        }

        do {
           
$result = hexdec(
               
bin2hex(
                   
mcrypt_create_iv($bytes, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM)
                )
            ) &
$bitmask;
        } while (
$result > $range);

        return
$result + $min;
    }
}
?>

Randomness test

<?php
$max
= 100; // number of random values
$test = 1000000;

$array = array_fill(0, $max, 0);

for (
$i = 0; $i < $test; ++$i) {
    ++
$array[random_int(0, $max-1)];
}

function
arrayFormatResult(&$item) {
    global
$test, $max; // try to avoid this nowdays ;)
   
   
$perc = ($item/($test/$max))-1;
   
$item .= ' '. number_format($perc, 4, '.', '') .'%';
}

array_walk($array, 'arrayFormatResult');

print_r($array);
?>
up
5
ccb_bc at hotmail dot com
4 years ago
<?php
   
// PHP >= 7
   
function str_rand(int $length = 16){
       
$x = '';
        for(
$i = 1; $i <= $length; $i++){
           
$x .= dechex(random_int(0,255));
        }
        return
substr($x, 0, $length);
    }
   
var_dump(str_rand());
?>
up
-36
info at raymondrodgers dot com
8 years ago
This function is based on Andrew Moore's UUID generation function on the uniqid function; it has been updated to use random_int() on PHP 7.0 or later yet continue to function with earlier versions using mt_rand().

function generateUUIDv4()
{
    if(version_compare(PHP_VERSION,'7.0.0', '<') )
    {
        return sprintf('%04x%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x%04x%04x',
       
        // 32 bits for "time_low"
        mt_rand(0, 0xffff), mt_rand(0, 0xffff),
       
        // 16 bits for "time_mid"
        mt_rand(0, 0xffff),
       
        // 16 bits for "time_hi_and_version",
        // four most significant bits holds version number 4
        mt_rand(0, 0x0fff) | 0x4000,
       
        // 16 bits, 8 bits for "clk_seq_hi_res",
        // 8 bits for "clk_seq_low",
        // two most significant bits holds zero and one for variant DCE1.1
        mt_rand(0, 0x3fff) | 0x8000,
       
        // 48 bits for "node"
        mt_rand(0, 0xffff), mt_rand(0, 0xffff), mt_rand(0, 0xffff)
        );
    }
    else
    {
        return sprintf('%04x%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x%04x%04x',
       
        // 32 bits for "time_low"
        random_int(0, 0xffff), random_int(0, 0xffff),
       
        // 16 bits for "time_mid"
        random_int(0, 0xffff),
       
        // 16 bits for "time_hi_and_version",
        // four most significant bits holds version number 4
        random_int(0, 0x0fff) | 0x4000,
       
        // 16 bits, 8 bits for "clk_seq_hi_res",
        // 8 bits for "clk_seq_low",
        // two most significant bits holds zero and one for variant DCE1.1
        random_int(0, 0x3fff) | 0x8000,
       
        // 48 bits for "node"
        random_int(0, 0xffff), random_int(0, 0xffff), random_int(0, 0xffff)
        );
    }
}
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