Менеджер процессов FastCGI (FPM)

Содержание

FPM (FastCGI Process Manager, менеджер процессов интерфейса FastCGI) — основная реализация интерфейса FastCGI для PHP, которая в основном содержит функционал, полезный для высоконагруженных сайтов.

Эта функциональность включает:

  • Продвинутое управление процессами с корректной (graceful) процедурой остановки и запуска;

  • Пулы, которые умеют запускать воркеры с разными uid, gid, chroot и окружением за счёт прослушивания разных портов и работы с разными файлами php.ini (замещение safe_mode);

  • Настраиваемое ведение журнала потоков вывода (stdout) и ошибок (stderr);

  • Аварийный перезапуск в случае внезапного разрушения opcode-кеша;

  • Поддержка ускоренной загрузки (accelerated upload);

  • slowlog — логирование необычно медленных скриптов; не только имён, но и PHP-трассировки, которое даёт команда ptrace и другие подобные функции чтения исполняемых данных (execute_data) удалённых процессов;

  • fastcgi_finish_request() — специальная функция для завершения запроса и сброса всех буферов данных, причём процесс сможет продолжать выполнение других длительных действий (конвертирование видео, обработка статистики и т. п.);

  • Динамическое, по требованию или статическое порождение дочерних процессов;

  • Базовая и расширенная информация о состоянии (аналогично модулю mod_status веб-сервера Apache) с поддержкой разных форматов наподобие json, xml и openmetrics;

  • Файл конфигурации на основе файла php.ini.

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User Contributed Notes 8 notes

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19
robin at robinwinslow dot co dot uk
13 years ago
Init script setup
===

You will probably want to create an init script for your new php-fpm. Fortunately, PHP 5.3.3 provides one for you, which you should copy to your init directory and change permissions:

$ cp <php-5.3.3-source-dir>/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm.in /etc/init.d/php-fpm
$ chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm

It requires a certain amount of setup. First of all, make sure your php-fpm.conf file is set up to  create a PID file when php-fpm starts. E.g.:
----
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid
----
(also make sure your php-fpm user has permission to create this file).

Now open up your new init script (/etc/init.d/php-fpm) and set the variables at the top to their relevant values. E.g.:
---
prefix=
exec_prefix=
php_fpm_BIN=/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=/var/run/php-fpm.pid
---

Your init script is now ready. You should now be able to start, stop and reload php-fpm:

$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload

The one remaining thing you may wish to do is to add your new php-fpm init script to system start-up. E.g. in CentOS:

$ /sbin/chkconfig php-fpm on

===========

Disclaimer: Although I did just do this on my own server about 20 mins ago, everything I've written here is off the top of my head, so it may not be 100% correct. Also, allow for differences in system setup. Some understanding of what you are doing is assumed.
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10
kokushibyou at gmail dot com
10 years ago
PHP-FPM is FAST - but be wary of using it while your code base is stored on NFS - under average load your NFS server will feel some serious strain. I have yet to find a work around for this bug: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=52312
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5
info at f1-outsourcing dot eu
4 years ago
It looks like the php-fpm daemon is not able to use its groups it is running with.

https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=77837
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6
ganlvtech at qq dot com
6 years ago
php-fpm is not avaliable on Windows, but you can use IIS or Apache as the "fastcgi process manager".

If you have to use Nginx, here is a solution. Nginx provides a load balancing module. We can distribute the request to different php-cgi.exe process.

<http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/load_balancing.html>
<http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html>

This is the origin nginx conf.
```
location ~ \.php$ {
    try_files  $uri = 404;
    fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    include  fastcgi.conf;
}
```

You can replace it by
```
upstream php {
    server  127.0.0.1:9000;
    server  127.0.0.1:9001;
    server  127.0.0.1:9002;
    server  127.0.0.1:9003;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
    try_files  $uri = 404;
    fastcgi_pass  php;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    include  fastcgi.conf;
}
```

CAUTION!!

php-cgi.exe process will die after several requests, so you have to restart the php-cgi.exe manually to keep a process listening the port.

DON'T USE THIS SOLUTION IN PRODUCTION!!
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5
user at NOSPAM dot example dot com
6 years ago
It is important to note that FPM is not built with the windows binaries.  Many of the guides you may find online rely on php-cgi.exe.  Unfortunately they call it FPM but this is incorrect!

The executable php-cgi.exe that is bundled with the windows binaries is a FastCGI interface but it is *not* FPM (Fastcgi Process Manager).  php-cgi.exe does not have multi-threading or concurrent request support, nor support for any of the FPM configuration options.

The only solid information I've gathered into why FPM is not available is a bug report explaining that FPM is built around fork(), which is not natively available on windows (https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=62447).
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7
joel k
12 years ago
the fpm process supports the USER2 signal, which is used to reload the config file.

kill -USR2 [pid]

should do the trick.
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6
dreamcat4 at gmail dot com
9 years ago
Doesn't work? Enable logging!

The php-fpm.log file is a great place to fault-find errors and get to the bottom of a problem. But be sure to enable logging for your specific worker pool. Or you won't see anything!

Example:

To enable error logging for the default [www] worker pool, add this line in the [www] section of your php-fpm.conf:

[www]
catch_workers_output = yes
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2
ikrabbe dot ask at gmail dot com
6 years ago
I'm very unhappy with the way php-fpm handles requests.
There isn't even some SCRIPT_FILENAME in the RFC for CGI, an that's the only standard I found to handle the requests.

Actually what you are doing with PATH_TRANSLATED is supposed to translate to the path, which is broken by media wikis, as they use the PATH_INFO to find the ressource, not some script.

In the original CGI context, the PATH_INFO is passed to the CGI binary to specify some ressource argument. So actually

    SCRIPT_NAME  ~ argv0
    PATH_INFO      ~ argv1

in command context.

Conclusion: We should rewrite php-fpm to obey the rfc3875 CGI standard.
Having SCRIPT_NAME pointing to /something.php, must translate to

    CWD/something.php

CWD is the working directory where php-fpm is started (or configured to change to).

In case of chroot CWD = "".

In any case the SCRIPT_NAME php script can be found with ./SCRIPT_NAME, from the CWD. So the undocumented not standardized SCRIPT_FILENAME should vanish! It breaks the CGI standard.
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