Класс PDO

(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PHP 7, PHP 8, PECL pdo >= 0.1.0)

Введение

Представляет соединение между PHP и сервером базы данных.

Обзор классов

class PDO {
/* Константы */
public const int PARAM_NULL;
public const int PARAM_BOOL = 5;
public const int PARAM_INT = 1;
public const int PARAM_STR = 2;
public const int PARAM_LOB = 3;
public const int PARAM_STMT = 4;
public const int PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT;
public const int PARAM_STR_NATL;
public const int PARAM_STR_CHAR;
public const int PARAM_EVT_ALLOC;
public const int PARAM_EVT_FREE;
public const int PARAM_EVT_EXEC_PRE;
public const int PARAM_EVT_EXEC_POST;
public const int PARAM_EVT_FETCH_PRE;
public const int PARAM_EVT_NORMALIZE;
public const int FETCH_DEFAULT;
public const int FETCH_LAZY;
public const int FETCH_ASSOC;
public const int FETCH_NUM;
public const int FETCH_BOTH;
public const int FETCH_OBJ;
public const int FETCH_BOUND;
public const int FETCH_COLUMN;
public const int FETCH_CLASS;
public const int FETCH_INTO;
public const int FETCH_FUNC;
public const int FETCH_GROUP;
public const int FETCH_UNIQUE;
public const int FETCH_KEY_PAIR;
public const int FETCH_CLASSTYPE;
public const int FETCH_SERIALIZE;
public const int FETCH_PROPS_LATE;
public const int FETCH_NAMED;
public const int ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT;
public const int ATTR_PREFETCH;
public const int ATTR_TIMEOUT;
public const int ATTR_ERRMODE;
public const int ATTR_SERVER_VERSION;
public const int ATTR_CLIENT_VERSION;
public const int ATTR_SERVER_INFO;
public const int ATTR_CASE;
public const int ATTR_CURSOR_NAME;
public const int ATTR_CURSOR;
public const int ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS;
public const int ATTR_PERSISTENT;
public const int ATTR_DRIVER_NAME;
public const int ATTR_MAX_COLUMN_LEN;
public const int ERRMODE_SILENT;
public const int ERRMODE_WARNING;
public const int ERRMODE_EXCEPTION;
public const int CASE_NATURAL;
public const int CASE_LOWER;
public const int CASE_UPPER;
public const int NULL_NATURAL;
public const int NULL_EMPTY_STRING;
public const int NULL_TO_STRING;
public const string ERR_NONE;
public const int FETCH_ORI_NEXT;
public const int FETCH_ORI_PRIOR;
public const int FETCH_ORI_FIRST;
public const int FETCH_ORI_LAST;
public const int FETCH_ORI_ABS;
public const int FETCH_ORI_REL;
public const int CURSOR_FWDONLY;
public const int CURSOR_SCROLL;
/* Методы */
public __construct(
    string $dsn,
    ?string $username = null,
    ?string $password = null,
    ?array $options = null
)
public commit(): bool
public errorCode(): ?string
public errorInfo(): array
public exec(string $statement): int|false
public getAttribute(int $attribute): mixed
public static getAvailableDrivers(): array
public prepare(string $query, array $options = []): PDOStatement|false
public query(string $query, ?int $fetchMode = null): PDOStatement|false
public query(string $query, ?int $fetchMode = PDO::FETCH_COLUMN, int $colno): PDOStatement|false
public query(
    string $query,
    ?int $fetchMode = PDO::FETCH_CLASS,
    string $classname,
    array $constructorArgs
): PDOStatement|false
public query(string $query, ?int $fetchMode = PDO::FETCH_INTO, object $object): PDOStatement|false
public quote(string $string, int $type = PDO::PARAM_STR): string|false
public rollBack(): bool
public setAttribute(int $attribute, mixed $value): bool
}

Содержание

  • PDO::beginTransaction — Инициализация транзакции
  • PDO::commit — Фиксирует транзакцию
  • PDO::__construct — Создаёт экземпляр PDO, предоставляющий соединение с базой данных
  • PDO::errorCode — Возвращает код SQLSTATE результата последней операции с базой данных
  • PDO::errorInfo — Получает расширенную информацию об ошибке, произошедшей в ходе последнего обращения к базе данных
  • PDO::exec — Выполняет SQL-запрос и возвращает количество затронутых строк
  • PDO::getAttribute — Получает атрибут соединения с базой данных
  • PDO::getAvailableDrivers — Возвращает массив доступных драйверов PDO
  • PDO::inTransaction — Проверяет, начата ли транзакция
  • PDO::lastInsertId — Возвращает ID последней вставленной строки или значение последовательности
  • PDO::prepare — Подготавливает запрос к выполнению и возвращает связанный с этим запросом объект
  • PDO::query — Подготавливает и выполняет выражение SQL без заполнителей
  • PDO::quote — Заключает строку в кавычки для использования в запросе
  • PDO::rollBack — Откат транзакции
  • PDO::setAttribute — Установка атрибута
add a note add a note

User Contributed Notes 9 notes

up
68
Megaloman
15 years ago
"And storing username/password inside class is not a very good idea for production code."

Good idea is to store database connection settings in *.ini files but you have to restrict access to them. For example this way:

my_setting.ini:
[database]
driver = mysql
host = localhost
;port = 3306
schema = db_schema
username = user
password = secret

Database connection:
<?php
class MyPDO extends PDO
{
    public function
__construct($file = 'my_setting.ini')
    {
        if (!
$settings = parse_ini_file($file, TRUE)) throw new exception('Unable to open ' . $file . '.');
       
       
$dns = $settings['database']['driver'] .
       
':host=' . $settings['database']['host'] .
        ((!empty(
$settings['database']['port'])) ? (';port=' . $settings['database']['port']) : '') .
       
';dbname=' . $settings['database']['schema'];
       
       
parent::__construct($dns, $settings['database']['username'], $settings['database']['password']);
    }
}
?>

Database connection parameters are accessible via human readable ini file for those who screams even if they see one PHP/HTML/any_other command.
up
9
Anonymous
6 years ago
I personnaly create a new instance of PDO like this :

$dbDatas = parse_ini_file( DB_FILE );
$dbOptions = [
\PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FECTH_MODE => \PDO::FETCH_OBJ,
\PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
];

$dsn = sprintf( 'mysql:dbname=%s;host=%s', $dbDatas['dbname'],
$dbDatas['host'] );

$this->cn = new \PDO( $dsn, $dbDatas['user'], $dbDatas['password'],
$dbOptions );
$this->cn->exec( 'SET CHARACTER SET UTF8' );
up
3
sinri at everstray dot com
6 years ago
For some Database Environment, such as Aliyun DRDS (Distributed Relational Database Service), cannot process preparing for SQL.
For such cases, the option `\PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES` should be set to true. If you always got reports about "Failed to prepare SQL" while this option were set to false, you might try to turn on this option to emulate prepares for SQL.
up
9
williambarry007 at gmail dot com
12 years ago
PDO and Dependency Injection

Dependency injection is good for testing.  But for anyone wanting various data mapper objects to have a database connection, dependency injection can make other model code very messy because database objects have to be instantiated all over the place and given to the data mapper objects.

The code below is a good way to maintain dependency injection while keeping clean and minimal model code.

<?php

class DataMapper
{
    public static
$db;
   
    public static function
init($db)
    {
       
self::$db = $db;
    }
}

class
VendorMapper extends DataMapper
{
    public static function
add($vendor)
    {
       
$st = self::$db->prepare(
           
"insert into vendors set
            first_name = :first_name,
            last_name = :last_name"
       
);
       
$st->execute(array(
           
':first_name' => $vendor->first_name,
           
':last_name' => $vendor->last_name
       
));
    }
}

// In your bootstrap
$db = new PDO(...);
DataMapper::init($db);

// In your model logic
$vendor = new Vendor('John', 'Doe');
VendorMapper::add($vendor);

?>
up
6
thz at plista dot com
10 years ago
Starting with PHP 5.4 you are unable to use persistent connections when you have your own database class derived from the native PDO class. If your code uses this combination, you will encounter segmentation faults during the cleanup of the PHP process.
You can still use _either_ a derived PDO class _or_ persistent connections.

For more information, please see this bug report: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=63176
up
7
anrdaemon at freemail dot ru
15 years ago
Keep in mind, you MUST NOT use 'root' user in your applications, unless your application designed to do a database maintenance.

And storing username/password inside class is not a very good idea for production code. You would need to edit the actual working code to change settings, which is bad.
up
2
kcleung at kcleung dot no-ip dot org
13 years ago
Here is an singleton PDO example:

###### config.ini ######
db_driver=mysql
db_user=root
db_password=924892xp

[dsn]
host=localhost
port=3306
dbname=localhost

[db_options]
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND=set names utf8

[db_attributes]
ATTR_ERRMODE=ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
############

<?php class Database {
    private static
$link = null ;

    private static function
getLink ( ) {
        if (
self :: $link ) {
            return
self :: $link ;
        }

       
$ini = _BASE_DIR . "config.ini" ;
       
$parse = parse_ini_file ( $ini , true ) ;

       
$driver = $parse [ "db_driver" ] ;
       
$dsn = "${driver}:" ;
       
$user = $parse [ "db_user" ] ;
       
$password = $parse [ "db_password" ] ;
       
$options = $parse [ "db_options" ] ;
       
$attributes = $parse [ "db_attributes" ] ;

        foreach (
$parse [ "dsn" ] as $k => $v ) {
           
$dsn .= "${k}=${v};" ;
        }

       
self :: $link = new PDO ( $dsn, $user, $password, $options ) ;

        foreach (
$attributes as $k => $v ) {
           
self :: $link -> setAttribute ( constant ( "PDO::{$k}" )
                ,
constant ( "PDO::{$v}" ) ) ;
        }

        return
self :: $link ;
    }

    public static function
__callStatic ( $name, $args ) {
       
$callback = array ( self :: getLink ( ), $name ) ;
        return
call_user_func_array ( $callback , $args ) ;
    }
}
?>

<?php // examples
$stmt = Database :: prepare ( "SELECT 'something' ;" ) ;
$stmt -> execute ( ) ;
var_dump ( $stmt -> fetchAll ( ) ) ;
$stmt -> closeCursor ( ) ;
?>
up
-1
ExDomino
2 years ago
Warning: the third parameter of this function is named $password and not $passwd.
up
-7
Ale L
5 years ago
1) Do not use your ddbb info in the same file

AND

2) DO NOT NEVER USE "All privileges user" for everything, always create an alternative user with restricted permissions (basic: SELECT, INSERT and so on)
To Top