Funcții matematice

Cuprins

  • abs — Absolute value
  • acos — Arc cosine
  • acosh — Inverse hyperbolic cosine
  • asin — Arc sine
  • asinh — Inverse hyperbolic sine
  • atan2 — Arc tangent of two variables
  • atan — Arc tangent
  • atanh — Inverse hyperbolic tangent
  • base_convert — Convert a number between arbitrary bases
  • bindec — Binary to decimal
  • ceil — Round fractions up
  • cos — Cosine
  • cosh — Hyperbolic cosine
  • decbin — Decimal to binary
  • dechex — Decimal to hexadecimal
  • decoct — Decimal to octal
  • deg2rad — Converts the number in degrees to the radian equivalent
  • exp — Calculates the exponent of e
  • expm1 — Returns exp(number) - 1, computed in a way that is accurate even when the value of number is close to zero
  • fdiv — Divides two numbers, according to IEEE 754
  • floor — Round fractions down
  • fmod — Returns the floating point remainder (modulo) of the division of the arguments
  • getrandmax — Show largest possible random value
  • hexdec — Hexadecimal to decimal
  • hypot — Calculate the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle
  • intdiv — Integer division
  • is_finite — Finds whether a value is a legal finite number
  • is_infinite — Finds whether a value is infinite
  • is_nan — Finds whether a value is not a number
  • lcg_value — Combined linear congruential generator
  • log10 — Base-10 logarithm
  • log1p — Returns log(1 + number), computed in a way that is accurate even when the value of number is close to zero
  • log — Natural logarithm
  • max — Find highest value
  • min — Find lowest value
  • mt_getrandmax — Show largest possible random value
  • mt_rand — Generate a random value via the Mersenne Twister Random Number Generator
  • mt_srand — Seeds the Mersenne Twister Random Number Generator
  • octdec — Octal to decimal
  • pi — Get value of pi
  • pow — Exponential expression
  • rad2deg — Converts the radian number to the equivalent number in degrees
  • rand — Generate a random integer
  • round — Rounds a float
  • sin — Sine
  • sinh — Hyperbolic sine
  • sqrt — Square root
  • srand — Seed the random number generator
  • tan — Tangent
  • tanh — Hyperbolic tangent
add a note add a note

User Contributed Notes 35 notes

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daniel at g-loc dot org
18 years ago
If you're an aviator and needs to calculate windcorrection angles and groundspeed (e.g. during flightplanning) this can be very useful.

$windcorrection = rad2deg(asin((($windspeed * (sin(deg2rad($tt - ($winddirection-180))))/$tas))));
$groundspeed = $tas*cos(deg2rad($windcorrection)) + $windspeed*cos(deg2rad($tt-($winddirection-180)));

You can probably write these lines more beautiful, but they work!
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Anonymous
6 years ago
And the reason I needed a Factorial function is because I there were no nPr or nCr functions native to PHP, either.

function n_pick_r($n,$r){$n=(int)$n; $r=(int)$r;return (fact($n)/fact($n-$r));}
function n_choose_r($n,$r){$n=(int)$n; $r=(int)$r;return (n_pick_r($n,$r)/fact($r));}

Hope that helps someone!
exmple:https://vb.3dlat.com/
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lummox
16 years ago
Wouldn't the following function do the same but a lot easier than the one in the comment before?

function trimInteger($targetNumber,$newLength) {
    return $targetNumber%pow(10,$newLength);
}
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jl85 at yahoo dot com
20 years ago
Here's yet another greatest common denominator (gcd) function, a reeeeally small one.

function gcd($n,$m){
if(!$m)return$n;return gcd($m,$n%$m);
}

It works by recursion. Not really sure about it's speed, but it's really small! This won't work on floating point numbers accurately though. If you want a floating point one, you need to have at least PHP 4, and the code would be

function gcd($n,$m){
if(!$m)return$n;return gcd($m,fmod($n,$m));
}
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pat.mat AT sympatico DOT com
19 years ago
For people interest in Differential Equations, I've done a function that receive a string like: x^2+x^3 and put it in
2x+3x^2 witch is the differantial of the previous equation.

In the code there is one thing missing: the $string{$i} is often going outOfBound (Uninitialized string offset: 6 in...)
if your error setting is set a little too high... I just dont know how to fix this.

So there is the code for differential equation with (+ and -) only:

<?
function differentiel($equa)
{
    $equa = strtolower($equa);
    echo "Equation de depart: ".$equa."<br>";
    $final = "";
   
    for($i = 0; $i < strlen($equa); $i++)
    {
        //Make a new string from the receive $equa
        if($equa{$i} == "x" && $equa{$i+1} == "^")
        {
            $final .= $equa{$i+2};
            $final .= "x^";
            $final .= $equa{$i+2}-1;
        }
        elseif($equa{$i} == "+" || $equa{$i} == "-")
        {
            $final .= $equa{$i};
        }
        elseif(is_numeric($equa{$i}) && $i == 0)
        {
            //gerer parenthese et autre terme generaux + gerer ^apres: 2^2
            $final .= $equa{$i}."*";
        }
        elseif(is_numeric($equa{$i}) && $i > 0 && $equa{$i-1} != "^")
        {
            //gerer ^apres: 2^2
            $final .= $equa{$i}."*";
        }
        elseif($equa{$i} == "^")
        {
            continue;
        }
        elseif(is_numeric($equa{$i}) && $equa{$i-1} == "^")
        {
            continue;
        }
        else
        {
            if($equa{$i} == "x")
            {
                $final .= 1;
            }
            else
            {
                $final .= $equa{$i};
            }
        }
    }
    //
    //Manage multiplication add in the previous string $final
    //
    $finalMul = "";
    for($i = 0; $i < strlen($final); $i++)
    {
        if(is_numeric($final{$i}) && $final{$i+1} == "*" && is_numeric($final{$i+2}))
        {
            $finalMul .= $final{$i}*$final{$i+2};
        }
        elseif($final{$i} == "*")
        {
            continue;
        }
        elseif(is_numeric($final{$i}) && $final{$i+1} != "*" && $final{$i-1} == "*")
        {
            continue;
        }
        else
        {
            $finalMul .= $final{$i};   
        }
    }
    echo "equa final: ".$finalMul;
}
?>

I know this is not optimal but i've done this quick :)
If you guys have any comment just email me.
I also want to do this fonction In C to add to phpCore maybe soon...
Patoff
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help at gjbdesign dot com
19 years ago
Occasionally a user must enter a number in a form. This function converts fractions to decimals and leaves decimals untouched. Of course, you may wish to round the final output, but that is not included here.

<?php
/*Some example values of $q
$q = "2.5";
$q = "2 1/2";
$q = "5/2";
*/
function Deci_Con($q){
//check for a space, signifying a whole number with a fraction
   
if(strstr($q, ' ')){
       
$wa = strrev($q);
       
$wb = strrev(strstr($wa, ' '));
       
$whole = true;//this is a whole number
   
}
//now check the fraction part
   
if(strstr($q, '/')){
        if(
$whole==true){//if whole number, then remove the whole number and space from the calculations
             
$q = strstr($q, ' ');
        }
$b = str_replace("/","",strstr($q, '/'));//this is the divisor
//isolate the numerator
$c = strrev($q);
$d = strstr($c, '/');
$e = strrev($d);
$a = str_replace("/","",$e);//the pre-final numerator
       
if($whole==true){//add the whole number to the calculations
           
$a = $a+($wb*$b);//new numerator is whole number multiplied by denominator plus original numerator   
       
}
$q = $a/$b;//this is now your decimal
return $q;
    }else{
        return
$q;//not a fraction, just return the decimal
   
}
}
?>
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jbeardsl [found_at] gte [d0t] net
21 years ago
I was looking for a truncate function. Not finding one, I wrote my own. Since it deals with everything as a number, I imagine it's faster than the alternative of using string functions. HTH...

<?php
function truncate ($num, $digits = 0) {

   
//provide the real number, and the number of
    //digits right of the decimal you want to keep.

   
$shift = pow(10, $digits);
    return ((
floor($num * $shift)) / $shift);
}
?>
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info at gavinvincent dot co dot uk
19 years ago
If you need to deal with polar co-ordinates for somereason you will need to convert to and from x,y for input and output in most situations: here are some functions to convert cartesian to polar and polar to cartesian
<?
//returns array of r, theta in the range of 0-2*pi (in radians)
function rect2polar($x,$y)
{
     if(is_numeric($x)&&is_numeric($y))
    {
        $r=sqrt(pow($x,2)+pow($y,2));
        if($x==0)
        {
             if($y>0) $theta=pi()/2;
            else $theta=3*pi()/2;
        }
        else if($x<0) $theta=atan($y/$x)+pi();
        else if($y<0) $theta=atan($y/$x)+2*pi();
        else $theta=atan($y/$x);
        $polar=array("r"=>$r,"theta"=>$theta);
        return $polar;
    }
    else return false;
}

//r must be in radians, returns array of x,y
function polar2rect($r,$theta)
{
if(is_numeric($r)&&is_numeric($theta))
{
        $x=$r*cos($theta);
    $y=$r*sin($theta);
    $rect=array("x"=>$x,"y"=>$y);
}
else
{
   return false;
}
}
?>
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fabien_mornand at yahoo dot fr
20 years ago
here is an algorithm to calculate gcd of a number. This is Euclid algorithm i was studying in Maths. I've converted it in php for the fun.

<?php
if($a && $b)
  {
$ax=$a; $bx=$b;
  
$r=fmod($a,$b);
  if(!
$r){$rx=$r;}
   while(
$r){
   
$rx=$r;
   
$a=$b;
   
$b=$r;
   
$r=fmod($a,$b);
    }
   }
echo
'PGCD ('.$ax.' , '.$bx.' ) = '.$rx;
?>
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php at keith tyler dot com
13 years ago
Another ordinal method, which does not involve utilizing date functions:

<?php
sprintf
( "%d%s", $t, array_pop( array_slice( array_merge( array( "th","st","nd","rd"), array_fill( 4,6,"th")), $t%10, 1)));'
?>
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tembenite at gmail dot com
17 years ago
To add to what Cornelius had, I have written a function that will take an array of numbers and return the least common multiple of them:

function lcm_arr($items){
    //Input: An Array of numbers
    //Output: The LCM of the numbers
    while(2 <= count($items)){
        array_push($items, lcm(array_shift($items), array_shift($items)));
    }
    return reset($items);
}

//His Code below with $'s added for vars

function gcd($n, $m) {
   $n=abs($n); $m=abs($m);
   if ($n==0 and $m==0)
       return 1; //avoid infinite recursion
   if ($n==$m and $n>=1)
       return $n;
   return $m<$n?gcd($n-$m,$n):gcd($n,$m-$n);
}

function lcm($n, $m) {
   return $m * ($n/gcd($n,$m));
}
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edward at edwardsun dot com
17 years ago
well just a note.. maybe i'm a bit stupid.. but remember to use pow() rather than the "^" sign for exponents.. as it took me 5 minutes to figure out why it wasn't working.
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florian at shellfire dot de
19 years ago
Please note that shorter is not always better
(meaning that really short faculty implementation above).

In my opinion, a clearer way to code this is, including a check
for negative or non-integer values.

In order to calculate the faculty of a positive integer,
an iterative way (which might be harder to understand)
is usually a bit faster, but I am using it only for small
values so it is not really important to me:

<?php

   
// Calculate the Faculty of a positive int-value
   
function iFaculty($a_iFac)
    {
      if (
$a_iFac > 0)
      {
          return
$a_iFac * $this->iFaculty($a_iFac - 1);
      }
      elseif (
$a_iFac == 0)
      {
          return
1;
      }
      else
      {
          return
0// Wrong argument!
     
}
    }
?>

I've also written another function to calculate the
binomial coefficient of 2 values, I didn't find it anywhere yet so I hope it might help someone (works fine with the above stated faculty-function and ready to be used inside of your own classes!)

<?php

   
// calculates the binomial coefficient "n over k" of 2 positive int values
    // for n >= k
   
function iBinCoeff($a_iN, $a_iK)
    {
       
// the binomial coefficient is defined as n! / [ (n-k)! * k! ]
       
return $this->iFaculty($a_iN) / ($this->iFaculty($a_iN - $a_iK) * $this->iFaculty($a_iK));   
    }

?>
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peter-stangl at t-online dot de
18 years ago
I needed to approximate an integral because i was not able to calculate it, so i wrote this function. It approximates an integral with the composite Simpson's rule.
More information on Simpson's rule: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson%27s_rule

<?php

function simpsonf($x){
// returns f(x) for integral approximation with composite Simpson's rule
  
return(pow((1+pow($x, (-4))), 0.5));
}
function
simpsonsrule($a, $b, $n){
// approximates integral_a_b f(x) dx with composite Simpson's rule with $n intervals
// $n has to be an even number
// f(x) is defined in "function simpsonf($x)"
  
if($n%2==0){
     
$h=($b-$a)/$n;
     
$S=simpsonf($a)+simpsonf($b);
     
$i=1;
      while(
$i <= ($n-1)){
        
$xi=$a+$h*$i;
         if(
$i%2==0){
           
$S=$S+2*simpsonf($xi);
         }
         else{
           
$S=$S+4*simpsonf($xi);
         }
        
$i++;
      }
      return(
$h/3*$S);
      }
   else{
      return(
'$n has to be an even number');
   }
}

?>
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Mike
16 years ago
//had a mistake in last post, heres the corrected version

/*
Just a simple function to trim digits from the left side of an integer. TRIM DOWN TO 4-> (ie. 987654 => 7654)
*/

function trimInteger($targetNumber,$newLength) {

    $digits = pow(10,$newLength);

    $s = ($targetNumber/ $digits); //make the last X digits the                  decimal part

    $t = floor($targetNumber / $digits); //drop the last X digits (the decimal part)

    $h = $s - $t; //remove all  but the decimal part

    $newInteger = ($h*$digits); //make the everything after the decimal point the new number

    return $newInteger;
}
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nazgul26 (at_sign) windfox dot net
21 years ago
This code will convert a decimal to it's fraction equivalent. The precision can be set by changing PRECISION.

<?php
define
(PRECISION, .01);

$count=0;
$result=array();
decimalToFraction($_REQUEST['dec'],$count,&$result);
$count = count($result);
$simp_fract = simplifyFraction($result,$count,1,$result[$count]);

echo
$simpl_fract;

// Start of functions

/*
   Converts a decimal to unsimplified fraction represented in an array
*/
function decimalToFraction($decimal,$count,$result) {
   
$a = (1/$decimal);
   
$b = ( $a - floor($a)  );
   
$count++;
    if (
$b > .01 && $count <= 5) decimalToFraction($b,$count,&$result);
   
$result[$count] = floor($a);
}

/*
    Simplifies a fraction in an array form that is returned from 
    decimalToFraction
*/
function simplifyFraction($fraction,$count,$top,$bottom) {
   
$next = $fraction[$count-1];
   
$a = ($bottom * $next) + $top;
   
$top = $bottom;
   
$bottom = $a;
   
$count--;
    if (
$count > 0) simplifyFraction($fraction,$count,$top,$bottom);
    else {
        return
"<font size=1>$bottom/$top</font>";
    }
}
?>
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moikboy (nospam!) moikboy (nospam!) hu
17 years ago
I think, this is the optimal code for calculating factorials:

<?php
function fact($int){
    if(
$int<2)return 1;
    for(
$f=2;$int-1>1;$f*=$int--);
    return
$f;
};
?>

And another one for calculating the $int-th Fibonacci-number:

<?php
function fib($int){
    static
$fibTable=array();
    return empty(
$fibTable[$int])?$fibTable[$int] = $int>1?fib($int-2)+fib($int-1):1:$fibTable[$int];
};
?>
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bjcffnet at gmail dot com
18 years ago
thearbitcouncil at gmail dot com, you could just use array_sum():
<?php
function average($arr)
{
   if (!
is_array($arr)) return false;

   return
array_sum($arr)/count($arr);
}

$array = array(5, 10, 15);
echo
average($array); // 10
?>
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Chronial "at" cyberpunkuniverse.de
20 years ago
Here are are a nPr and a nPc function
(had to define NaN - don't know, how to this the "rigth" way)

<?php
define
(NaN,acos(1.01));

function
nCr($n,$r){
   if (
$r > $n)
      return
NaN;
   if ((
$n-$r) < $r)
      return
nCr($n,($n-$r));
  
$return = 1;
   for (
$i=0;$i < $r;$i++){
     
$return *= ($n-$i)/($i+1);
   }
   return
$return;
}

function
nPr($n,$r){
   if (
$r > $n)
      return
NaN;
   if (
$r)
      return
$n*(nPr($n-1,$r-1));
   else
      return
1;
}
?>
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jl85 at yahoo dot com
21 years ago
Theres another faster way of doing even/odd number checking by using bitwise operators. Don't ask me how it works, I just found this out by experimenting with it (could the editor possibly explain?)

if ((1&$num)) {
echo "$num is odd";
}

if (!(1&$num)) {
echo "$num is even";
}

How it works is (1&$num) returns a 1 for odd numbers and returns 0 when it's an even number.
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tmpa at yahoo dot com
19 years ago
while joogat's one line function is short, it is probably better to calculate factorial iteratively instead of recursively. keep in mind if you want large factorials, you'll need to use some sort of arbitrary precision integer or perhaps the BCMath functions. then again, unless you're trying to do large numbers (170! is the highest that you can do that does not return infinity) you probably won't notice any time difference.
<?php
function factorial($in) {
   
// 0! = 1! = 1
   
$out = 1;

   
// Only if $in is >= 2
   
for ($i = 2; $i <= $in; $i++) {
       
$out *= $i;
    }

    return
$out;
}
?>
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monte at ohrt dot com
18 years ago
This is an efficient method of calculating the binomial coefficient C(n,k). This code was derived from Owant: Mastering Algorithms with Perl.

<?php
  
// calculate binomial coefficient
  
function binomial_coeff($n, $k) {

     
$j = $res = 1;

      if(
$k < 0 || $k > $n)
         return
0;
      if((
$n - $k) < $k)
        
$k = $n - $k;

      while(
$j <= $k) {
        
$res *= $n--;
        
$res /= $j++;
      }

      return
$res;

   }
?>

If you compiled php with --enable-bcmath, you can get full integer values of extremely large numbers by replacing:

$res *= $n--;
$res /= $j++;

with:

$res = bcmul($res, $n--);
$res = bcdiv($res, $j++);
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Aiden880
8 years ago
Lowest Common Denominator:
function lcd($num, $start) {
    while($num % $start != 0) {
        $start++;
    }
    return $start;
}
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jordanolsommer at imap dot cc
20 years ago
The reason the bitwise AND ("&") operator works to determine whether a number is odd or even is because odd numbers expressed in binary always have the rightmost (2^0) bit = 1 and even numbers always have the 2^0 bit = 0.

So if you do a " 1 & $num", it will return zero if the number is even (since xxxxxxx0 [the even number in binary] and 00000001 [the 1]) don't share any bits, and will return 1 if the number is odd (xxxxxx1 and 000001).

a clever way of doing things, but $num % 2 would work as well i think :).
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AsherMaximum gmail
12 years ago
Here's a simple way way to convert a number to an ordinal number I created:

$i == the number to convert. Put this inside a for loop if you need to populate an array.

<?php
// change increment variable to ordinal number.
$n1 = $i % 100; //first remove all but the last two digits

$n2 = ($n1 < 20 ? $1 : $i % 10; //remove all but last digit unless the number is in the teens, which all should be 'th'

//$n is now used to determine the suffix.
$ord = ($n2==1 ? $i.'st' : ( ($n2==2 ? $i.'nd' : ($n2==3 ? $i.'rd' : $i.'th') ) ) )
?>
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capripot at gmail dot com
11 years ago
Another simpler function to check a number with the luhn algorithm :

<?php
function luhn($num){
    if(!
$num)
        return
false;
   
$num = array_reverse(str_split($num));
   
$add = 0;
    foreach(
$num as $k => $v){
        if(
$k%2)
           
$v = $v*2;
       
$add += ($v >= 10 ? $v - 9 : $v);
    }
    return (
$add%10 == 0);
}
?>

Don't know if foreach and arrays operations are faster than while and substr, but I feel it clearer.
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webkid%webkid.com
21 years ago
And the reason I needed a Factorial function is because I there were no nPr or nCr functions native to PHP, either.

function n_pick_r($n,$r){$n=(int)$n; $r=(int)$r;return (fact($n)/fact($n-$r));}
function n_choose_r($n,$r){$n=(int)$n; $r=(int)$r;return (n_pick_r($n,$r)/fact($r));}

Hope that helps someone!
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Florian
18 years ago
A function that simulates the sum operator. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum). Be careful with the expression because it may cause a security hole; note the single quotes to don't parse the "$".
<?php
# @param    string    $expr    expression to evaluate (for example (2*$x)^2+1)
# @param    string    $var      dummy variable (for example "x")
# @param    integer    $start
# @param    integer    $end
# @param    integer    $step

function sum($expr,$var,$start,$end,$step = 1) {
   
$expr = str_replace(';','',$expr);
   
$var = str_replace('$','',$var);
   
$start = (int)$start;    $end = (int)$end;    $step = (int)$step;    $sum = 0;
   
    for (
$i = $start; $i <= $end; $i = $i + $step) {
       
$_expr = str_replace('$'.$var,$i,$expr);   
       
$_eval = '$_result = '.$_expr.'; return $_result;';
       
$_result = eval($_eval);
        if(
$result === FALSE) return "SYNTAX ERROR : $expr";
       
$sum += $_result;
    }
    return (int)
$sum;
}
?>
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-5
jerry dot wilborn at fast dot net
20 years ago
Here is how to calculate standard deviation in PHP where $samples is an array of incrementing numeric keys and the values are your samples:

$sample_count = count($samples);

for ($current_sample = 0; $sample_count > $current_sample; ++$current_sample) $sample_square[$current_sample] = pow($samples[$current_sample], 2);

$standard_deviation = sqrt(array_sum($sample_square) / $sample_count - pow((array_sum($samples) / $sample_count), 2));
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-4
patience at worldonline dot nl
21 years ago
The example for Factorials given above is wrong. Here a correct version, so that you do not have to reinvent the wheel again...

<?php
function mathFact( $s )
{
 
$r = (int) $s;

  if (
$r < 2 )
   
$r = 1;
  else {
    for (
$i = $r-1; $i > 1; $i-- )
     
$r = $r * $i;
  }

  return(
$r );
}
?>
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-4
barry at megaspace dot com
17 years ago
Here's a least common denominator (lcd) function:

$array = array(3,4,6,8,18,2);
   
    function lcd($array,$x) {
               
        $mod_sum = 0;
       
        for($int=1;$int < count($array);$int++) {               
            $modulus[$int] = ($array[0]*$x) % ($array[$int]);
            $mod_sum = $mod_sum + $modulus[$int];           
        }
            
        if (!$mod_sum) {
            echo "LCD: ".($array[0]*$x)."\n";
        }
           
        else {
            lcd($array,$x+1);
        }
       
    }

lcd($array,1);
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-4
ian at mp3 dot com
23 years ago
for those looking for a credit card verification function i wrote a simple LUHN Formula algorithm:

<?php
$valid
= 1;

$numOfDigits = 0 - strlen($ccNumber);

$i = -1;
while (
$i>=$numOfDigits){
  if ((
$i % 2) == 0){
   
$double = 2*(substr($ccNumber, $i, 1));
   
$total += substr($double,0,1);
    if (
strlen($double > 1)){
     
$total += substr($double,1,1);
    }
  } else {
   
$total += substr($ccNumber, $i, 1);
  }
 
$i--;
}

if ((
$total % 10) != 0){
 
$valid = 0;
}
?>
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-5
marasek.SPAMLESS at telton.de
17 years ago
I could not resist to do a simpler version of the ordinal function:
<?php
function ordinal($num)
{
   
$num = (int)$num;
   
$digit = substr($num, -1, 1);
   
$ord = "th";
    switch(
$digit)
    {
        case
1: $ord = "st"; break;
        case
2: $ord = "nd"; break;
        case
3: $ord = "rd"; break;
    break;
    }
return
$num.$ord;
}
?>
One could replace the typecast with

<?php
if($num===NULL or $num==="")
{return
NULL;}
?>

to get an empty result instead of "0th" in case $num is empty too.
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-6
thearbitcouncil at gmail dot com
19 years ago
Two functions I didn't find elsewhere... one to compute mean of an array of numbers, and another to computer variance of a sample of numbers. Both take an array of numbers as arguments. Not much error checking, or optimization...

(note: variance function uses the average function...)

<?php

function average($arr)
{
    if (!
count($arr)) return 0;

   
$sum = 0;
    for (
$i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++)
    {
       
$sum += $arr[$i];
    }

    return
$sum / count($arr);
}

function
variance($arr)
{
    if (!
count($arr)) return 0;

   
$mean = average($arr);

   
$sos = 0;    // Sum of squares
   
for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++)
    {
       
$sos += ($arr[$i] - $mean) * ($arr[$i] - $mean);
    }

    return
$sos / (count($arr)-1);  // denominator = n-1; i.e. estimating based on sample
                                    // n-1 is also what MS Excel takes by default in the
                                    // VAR function
}

echo
variance(array(4,6,23,15,18)); // echoes 64.7...correct value :)

?>
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-7
pradhumansaini2 at gmail dot com
3 years ago
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