DateInterval::__construct

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

DateInterval::__constructCria um novo objeto DateInterval

Descrição

public DateInterval::__construct(string $duration)

Cria um novo objeto DateInterval.

Parâmetros

duration

Uma especificação de intervalo.

O formato inicia-se com a letra P, de período. Cada período de duração é representado por um valor inteiro seguido do designador de período. Se a duração conter elementos de tempo, essa porção da especificação é precedida pela letra T.

duration Designadores de Período
Designador de Período Descrição
Y anos
M meses
D dias
W semanas. Convertidas em dias. Antes do PHP 8.0.0, não pode ser combinada com D.
H horas
M minutos
S segundos

Alguns exemplos simples. Dois dias é representado com P2D. Dois segundos é representado com PT2S. Seis anos e cinco minutos é representado com P6YT5M.

Nota:

O tipo de unidade deve ser inserida da unidade de maior escala a esquerda da de menor escala, essa a direta. Então, anos antes de meses, meses antes de dias, dias antes de minutos, e etc. Assim, um ano e quatro dias deve ser representado com P1Y4D, e não P4D1Y.

A especificação também pode ser representada como data e hora. Um exemplo de um ano e quatro dias seria P0001-00-04T00:00:00. Porém, valores neste formato não podem exceder o tamanho máximo do período (por exemplo 25 horas é inválido).

Estes formatos são baseados na » ISO 8601 duration specification.

Erros/Exceções

Dispara uma exceção DateMalformedIntervalStringException quando o parâmetro duration não puder ser interpretado como um intervalo. Antes do PHP 8.3, era uma Exception.

Registro de Alterações

Versão Descrição
8.3.0 Agora dispara DateMalformedIntervalStringException em vez de Exception.
8.2.0 Apenas as propriedades y a f, invert e days estarão visíveis, incluindo uma nova propriedade booleana from_string.
8.0.0 W pode ser combinado com D.

Exemplos

Exemplo #1 Construindo e usando objetos da classe DateInterval

<?php
// Cria uma data específica
$someDate = \DateTime::createFromFormat("Y-m-d H:i", "2022-08-25 14:18");

// Cria um intervalo
$interval = new \DateInterval("P7D");

// Adiciona o intervalo
$someDate->add($interval);

// Converte o intervalo para string
echo $interval->format("%d");

O exemplo acima produzirá:


7

Exemplo #2 Exemplo da classe DateInterval

<?php

$interval
= new DateInterval('P1W2D');
var_dump($interval);

?>

Saída do exemplo acima no PHP 8.2:

object(DateInterval)#1 (10) {
  ["y"]=>
  int(0)
  ["m"]=>
  int(0)
  ["d"]=>
  int(9)
  ["h"]=>
  int(0)
  ["i"]=>
  int(0)
  ["s"]=>
  int(0)
  ["f"]=>
  float(0)
  ["invert"]=>
  int(0)
  ["days"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["from_string"]=>
  bool(false)
}

Saída do exemplo acima no PHP 8:

object(DateInterval)#1 (16) {
  ["y"]=>
  int(0)
  ["m"]=>
  int(0)
  ["d"]=>
  int(9)
  ["h"]=>
  int(0)
  ["i"]=>
  int(0)
  ["s"]=>
  int(0)
  ["f"]=>
  float(0)
  ["weekday"]=>
  int(0)
  ["weekday_behavior"]=>
  int(0)
  ["first_last_day_of"]=>
  int(0)
  ["invert"]=>
  int(0)
  ["days"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["special_type"]=>
  int(0)
  ["special_amount"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_weekday_relative"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_special_relative"]=>
  int(0)
}

Saída do exemplo acima no PHP 7:

object(DateInterval)#1 (16) {
  ["y"]=>
  int(0)
  ["m"]=>
  int(0)
  ["d"]=>
  int(2)
  ["h"]=>
  int(0)
  ["i"]=>
  int(0)
  ["s"]=>
  int(0)
  ["f"]=>
  float(0)
  ["weekday"]=>
  int(0)
  ["weekday_behavior"]=>
  int(0)
  ["first_last_day_of"]=>
  int(0)
  ["invert"]=>
  int(0)
  ["days"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["special_type"]=>
  int(0)
  ["special_amount"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_weekday_relative"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_special_relative"]=>
  int(0)
}

Veja Também

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User Contributed Notes 15 notes

up
82
owen at beliefs.com
10 years ago
M is used to indicate both months and minutes.

As noted on the referenced wikipedia page for ISO 6801 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso8601#Durations

To resolve ambiguity, "P1M" is a one-month duration and "PT1M" is a one-minute duration (note the time designator, T, that precedes the time value).

Using: PHP 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.19

// For 3 Months
$dateTime = new DateTime;echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
$dateTime->add(new DateInterval("P3M"));
echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
Results in:
2013-07-11T11:12:26-0400
2013-10-11T11:12:26-0400

// For 3 Minutes
$dateTime = new DateTime;echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
$dateTime->add(new DateInterval("PT3M"));
echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
Results in:
2013-07-11T11:12:42-0400
2013-07-11T11:15:42-0400

Insert a T after the P in the interval to add 3 minutes instead of 3 months.
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4
Hernanibus
6 years ago
It is not stated, but you cannot create directly a negative interval, this is you cannot create a "-2 days" interval as:

<?
$interval = new DateInterval("P-2D");//or
$interval = new DateInterval("-P2D");
?>

Instead you have to create first the interval and then set its 'invert' property to 1, this is:

<?
$interval = new DateInterval("P2D");
$interval->invert = 1;
?>

Then you should keep in mind that this interval acts as a negative number, hence to subtract the interval from a given date you must 'add' it:

<?
$interval = new DateInterval("P2D");
$interval->invert = 1;
$date       = new DateTime ("1978-01-23 17:46:00");
$date->add($interval)->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");//this is "1978-01-21 17:46:00"
?>
up
11
kevinpeno at gmail dot com
13 years ago
Note that, while a DateInterval object has an $invert property, you cannot supply a negative directly to the constructor similar to specifying a negative in XSD ("-P1Y"). You will get an exception through if you do this.

Instead you need to construct using a positive interval ("P1Y") and the specify the $invert property === 1.
up
6
jawzx01 at gmail dot com
12 years ago
As previously mentioned, to do a negative DateInterval object, you'd code:

<?php
$date1
= new DateTime();
$eightynine_days_ago = new DateInterval( "P89D" );
$eightynine_days_ago->invert = 1; //Make it negative.
$date1->add( $eightynine_days_ago );
?>

and then $date1 is now 89 days in the past.
up
18
buvinghausen at gmail dot com
11 years ago
I think it is easiest if you would just use the sub method on the DateTime class.

<?php
$date
= new DateTime();
$date->sub(new DateInterval("P89D"));
up
20
kuzb
13 years ago
It should be noted that this class will not calculate days/hours/minutes/seconds etc given a value in a single denomination of time.  For example:

<?php
    $di
= new DateInterval('PT3600S');
    echo
$di->format('%H:%i:%s');
   
?>

will yield 0:0:3600 instead of the expected 1:0:0
up
9
daniellehr at gmx dot de
11 years ago
Alternatively you can use DateInterval::createFromDateString() for negative intervals:

<?php
$date
= new DateTime();
$date->add(DateInterval::createFromDateString('-89 days'));
up
7
admin at torntech dot com
9 years ago
Warning - despite the $interval_spec accepting the ISO 8601 specification format, it does not accept decimal fraction values with period or comma as stated in the specification.

https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=53831

<?php
/* Example from ISO 8601 documentation */
$interval = new DateInterval('P0.5Y');
?>

Will result in
Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'DateInterval::__construct(): Unknown or bad format (P0.5Y)'
up
7
userexamplecom at mailinator dot com
8 years ago
Take care, if you have a DateTime Object on the 31h of January and add Da DateInterval of one Month, then you are in March instead of February.

For Example:
---
// given the actual date is 2017-01-31
$today = new DateTime('now', $timeZoneObject);
$today->add(new DateInterval('P1M'));
echo $today->format('m');
// output: 03
---
up
1
lsloan-php dot net at umich dot edu
8 years ago
Although PHP refers to periods of time as "intervals", ISO 8601 refers to them as "durations".  In ISO 8601, "intervals" are something else.

While ISO 8601 allows fractions for all parts of a duration (e.g., "P0.5Y"), DateInterval does not.  Use caution when calculating durations.  If the duration has a fractional part, it may be lost when storing it in a DateInterval object.
up
0
Anonymous
2 years ago
Note that to add time you must enter P even though the period is empty.

To add 1 hour :

<?php

$plusOneHour
= (new DateTime('now'))->add(new DateInterval("PT1H"));

var_dump($plusOneHour);

?>
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0
grzeniufication
3 years ago
If you'd like to persist an interval object in a DB it could be handy to implement the __toString() method. A formatted interval value can be easier to read by a human than the output of serialize. Here's an example:

<?php

namespace App;

class
DateInterval extends \DateInterval
{
    public function
__toString()
    {
        return
$this->format('P%yY%mM%dDT%hH%iM%sS');
    }
}

$interval1 = new DateInterval('P1Y');
$interval2 = new DateInterval(strval($interval1));
assert($interval1 == $interval2);
up
0
sloanlance+php.net gmail com
6 years ago
⚠️ It's important to remember the warning about DateInterval given by "admin at torntech dot com" in an earlier comment (http://php.net/manual/en/dateinterval.construct.php#116750).  To reiterate:

Some versions of PHP (e.g., 5.6.31) have a bug that disallows fractional parts in a ISO 8601 duration string given as the argument for the DateInterval constructor.  That is, these examples will fail:

<?php
// 'P0.5Y' is valid according to ISO 8601
$interval = new DateInterval('P0.5Y');  // Throws exception
?>

<?php
// 'PT585.829S' is valid according to ISO 8601
$interval = new DateInterval('PT585.829S');  // Throws exception
?>

If this bug affects you, please go to the report for this bug in the PHP Bug Tracking System, and place a vote stating that it affects you:  https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=53831
up
0
Ray.Paseur sometimes uses Gmail
7 years ago
To recover the interval specification string:

<?php
function get_interval_spec(DateTime $alpha, DateTime $omega)
{
   
$intvl = $alpha->diff($omega);

   
$date = NULL;
    if (
$intvl->y) $date .= $intvl->y . 'Y';
    if (
$intvl->m) $date .= $intvl->m . 'M';
    if (
$intvl->d) $date .= $intvl->d . 'D';

   
$time = NULL;
    if (
$intvl->h) $time .= $intvl->h . 'H';
    if (
$intvl->i) $time .= $intvl->i . 'M';
    if (
$intvl->s) $time .= $intvl->s . 'S';
    if (
$time) $time = 'T' . $time;

   
$text ='P' . $date . $time;
    if (
$text == 'P') return 'PT0S';
    return
$text;
}
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-13
bkilinc at deyta dot net
10 years ago
interval_spec Period Designators, has two 'M's for months and minutes.
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