strftime

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

strftime ロケールの設定に基づいてローカルな日付・時間をフォーマットする

警告

この関数は PHP 8.1.0 で 非推奨 になります。この関数に頼らないことを強く推奨します。

この関数の代替として、これらが使えます:

説明

strftime(string $format, ?int $timestamp = null): string|false

ローカルの時刻・日付を、ロケール設定にもとづいてフォーマットします。 月および曜日の名前、およびその他の言語依存の文字列は、 setlocale() で設定された現在のロケールを尊重して表示されます。

警告

使用する C ライブラリで、すべての変換指定子がサポートされているとは限りません。 そのような場合、該当する変換指定子は PHP の strftime() ではサポートされません。 また、全てのプラットフォームが負のタイムスタンプをサポートしているわけではないため、 Unix Epoch (1970 年 1 月 1 日)以前の日付を扱えないかもしれません。 つまり、Windows や一部の Linux ディストリビューション、そしてその他のごく一部の オペレーティングシステム上では %e、%T、%R および %D (あるいはこれ以外も) が Jan 1, 1970 より前の日付について動作しないということです。 Windwos システム上でサポートされる変換指定子の概要については、 » MSDN に掲載されています。 Instead use the IntlDateFormatter::format() method.

パラメータ

format

次の変換指定子が format パラメータ用の文字列として認識されます
format 説明 戻り値の例
--- ---
%a 短縮された曜日の名前 Sun から Sat
%A 完全な曜日の名前 Sunday から Saturday
%d 10 進数で 2 桁の日付 (先頭のゼロつき) 01 から 31
%e 1 桁の場合は先頭にスペースをいれた日付。 Windows ではそのようには実装されていません。詳細は以下を参照ください。 1 から 31
%j 3 桁で先頭にゼロを含む年間での日付 001 から 366
%u ISO-8601 数値表現であらわした曜日 1 (月曜日) から 7 (日曜日)
%w 数値表現であらわした曜日 0 (日曜日) から 6 (土曜日)
--- ---
%U 指定した年の週番号。最初の日曜日を第一週の開始日とする 13 (年間の第 13 週の場合)
%V ISO-8601:1988 で規定された、指定した年の週番号。 週の開始日は月曜日で、第 1 週は少なくとも 4 日はあることになる 01 から 53 (53 は年をまたがる週になります)
%W その年の週番号の数値表現。最初の月曜日を最初の週の初日とする 46 (46 番目の週の場合。開始日は月曜日)
--- ---
%b 現在のロケールに基づく短縮された月の名前 Jan から Dec
%B 現在のロケールに基づく完全な月の名前 January から December
%h 現在のロケールに基づく短縮された月の名前 (%b のエイリアス) Jan から Dec
%m 2 桁であらわした月 01 (1 月) から 12 (12 月)
--- ---
%C 2 桁であらわした世紀 (年を 100 で割り、整数に丸めたもの) 20 正規の場合は 19
%g 2 桁であらわした年。ISO-8601:1988 標準形式 (%V を参照) 2009 年 1 月 6 日の場合は 09
%G %g の 4 桁完全版 2009 年 1 月 3 日の場合は 2009
%y 2 桁であらわした年 2009 年の場合は 09、1979 年の場合は 79
%Y 4 桁であらわした年 2038
--- ---
%H 2 桁であらわした 24 時間制の時間 00 から 23
%k 24 時間制の時間で、1 桁の場合は先頭にスペースをつけたもの 0 から 23
%I 2 桁であらわした 12 時間制の時間 01 から 12
%l (小文字の 'L') 12 時間制の時間で、1 桁の場合は先頭にスペースをつけたもの 1 から 12
%M 2 桁であらわした分 00 から 59
%p 指定した時刻に応じた大文字の 'AM' あるいは 'PM' 00:31 なら AM、22:23 なら PM。 正確な結果はオペレーティングシステムに依存します。 (a.m. のような) 小文字やドット付きの結果を返すこともあります。
%P 指定した時刻に応じた小文字の 'am' あるいは 'pm' 00:31 なら am、22:23 なら pm。 全てのオペレーティングシステムでサポートされているとは限りません。
%r "%I:%M:%S %p" と同じ 21:34:17 なら 09:34:17 PM
%R "%H:%M" と同じ 12:35 AM なら 00:35、4:44 PM なら 16:44
%S 2 桁であらわした秒 00 から 59
%T "%H:%M:%S" と同じ 09:34:17 PM なら 21:34:17
%X ロケールに基づいた時刻の表現。日付は含まない 03:59:16 あるいは 15:59:16
%z タイムゾーンオフセット。Windows では違う実装になっています。詳細は後述します。 東海岸時刻なら -0500
%Z タイムゾーンの略称。Windows では違う実装になっています。詳細は後述します。 東海岸時刻なら EST
タイムスタンプ --- ---
%c 現在のロケールにもとづく日付と時間の表現 2009 年 2 月 5 日 午前 12:45:10 なら Tue Feb 5 00:45:10 2009
%D "%m/%d/%y" と同じ 2009 年 2 月 5 日なら 02/05/09
%F "%Y-%m-%d" と同じ (データベースのタイムスタンプとして一般的) 2009 年 2 月 5 日なら 2009-02-05
%s Unix エポックからのタイムスタンプ (time() 関数と同じ) 1979 年 9 月 10 日午前 08:40:00 なら 305815200
%x 現在のロケールにもとづく日付の表現 (時間は除く) 2009 年 2 月 5 日なら 02/05/09
その他 --- ---
%n 改行文字 ("\n") ---
%t タブ文字 ("\t") ---
%% パーセント文字 ("%") ---

警告

ISO-9889:1999 に反して、Sun Solaris は日曜日を 1 としています。 そのため、%u はこのマニュアルの説明どおりに機能しないかもしれません。

警告

Windows 限定:

Windows 上では %e に対応していません。 この値が欲しければ、代わりに %#d を使いましょう。 クロスプラットフォーム対応の関数を書く方法をこの後の例で示します。

%z%Z は、どちらもタイムゾーン名を返します。オフセットや略称は返しません。

警告

macOS と musl 限定: %P 修飾子は macOS 版の実装ではサポートされていません。

timestamp

オプションのパラメータ timestamp は、 int 型の Unix タイムスタンプです。 timestamp が指定されなかったり、null だった場合のデフォルト値は、 現在の時刻です。言い換えると、デフォルトは time() の返り値となります。

戻り値

指定した timestamp または timestamp が指定されていない場合に現在のローカル時間を用いて、 指定したフォーマット文字列に基づき文字列をフォーマットして返します。 月および曜日の名前、およびその他の言語依存の文字列は、 setlocale() で設定された現在のロケールを尊重して表示されます。 この関数は、format が空だったり、 サポートされていない変換指定子が含まれていたり、 返される文字列の長さが 4095 より大きい場合は、false を返します。

エラー / 例外

すべての日付/時刻関数は、 有効なタイムゾーンが設定されていない場合に E_WARNING を発生させます。 date_default_timezone_set() も参照ください。

出力内容は元となった C ライブラリに依存するため、サポートしていない変換指定子もあります。 Windows では、対応していない変換指定子を渡すと 5 つの E_WARNING メッセージが出て false を返します。 その他のオペレーティングシステムでは特に E_WARNING メッセージは出ず、 変換指定子が (変換されずに) そのまま出力されます。

変更履歴

バージョン 説明
8.0.0 timestamp は、nullable になりました。

この例は、それぞれのロケールがシステムにインストールされている場合にのみ動作します。

例1 strftime() のロケールの例

<?php
setlocale
(LC_TIME, "C");
echo
strftime("%A");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fi_FI");
echo
strftime(" in Finnish is %A,");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fr_FR");
echo
strftime(" in French %A and");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE");
echo
strftime(" in German %A.\n");
?>

例2 ISO 8601:1988 の週番号の例

<?php
/* December 2002 / January 2003
ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
52 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
1 30 31 1 2 3 4 5
2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 */

// Outputs: 12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2002,2002
echo "12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/28/2002")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2002
echo "12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/30/2002")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2003
echo "1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2003")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 2,2003,2003
echo "1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/10/2003")) . "\n";



/* December 2004 / January 2005
ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
52 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
53 27 28 29 30 31 1 2
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 */

// Outputs: 12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2004,2004
echo "12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/23/2004")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2004
echo "12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/31/2004")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2005
echo "1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/2/2005")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2005,2005
echo "1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2005")) . "\n";

?>

例3 %e 修飾子を使う、クロスプラットフォーム対応の例

<?php

// Jan 1: はこのようになります。'%e%1%' (%%, e, %%, %e, %%)
$format = '%%e%%%e%%';

// Windows かどうかをチェックし、%e 修飾子を
// 適切に置換します
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) == 'WIN') {
$format = preg_replace('#(?<!%)((?:%%)*)%e#', '\1%#d', $format);
}

echo
strftime($format);
?>

例4 すべての書式の表示

<?php
// 書式についての説明
$strftimeFormats = array(
'A' => 'A full textual representation of the day',
'B' => 'Full month name, based on the locale',
'C' => 'Two digit representation of the century (year divided by 100, truncated to an integer)',
'D' => 'Same as "%m/%d/%y"',
'E' => '',
'F' => 'Same as "%Y-%m-%d"',
'G' => 'The full four-digit version of %g',
'H' => 'Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format',
'I' => 'Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format',
'J' => '',
'K' => '',
'L' => '',
'M' => 'Two digit representation of the minute',
'N' => '',
'O' => '',
'P' => 'lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time',
'Q' => '',
'R' => 'Same as "%H:%M"',
'S' => 'Two digit representation of the second',
'T' => 'Same as "%H:%M:%S"',
'U' => 'Week number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week',
'V' => 'ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week',
'W' => 'A numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week',
'X' => 'Preferred time representation based on locale, without the date',
'Y' => 'Four digit representation for the year',
'Z' => 'The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system)',
'a' => 'An abbreviated textual representation of the day',
'b' => 'Abbreviated month name, based on the locale',
'c' => 'Preferred date and time stamp based on local',
'd' => 'Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros)',
'e' => 'Day of the month, with a space preceding single digits',
'f' => '',
'g' => 'Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V)',
'h' => 'Abbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b)',
'i' => '',
'j' => 'Day of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros',
'k' => 'Hour in 24-hour format, with a space preceding single digits',
'l' => 'Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceding single digits',
'm' => 'Two digit representation of the month',
'n' => 'A newline character ("\n")',
'o' => '',
'p' => 'UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time',
'q' => '',
'r' => 'Same as "%I:%M:%S %p"',
's' => 'Unix Epoch Time timestamp',
't' => 'A Tab character ("\t")',
'u' => 'ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week',
'v' => '',
'w' => 'Numeric representation of the day of the week',
'x' => 'Preferred date representation based on locale, without the time',
'y' => 'Two digit representation of the year',
'z' => 'Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system)',
'%' => 'A literal percentage character ("%")',
);

// 結果
$strftimeValues = array();

// 書式を評価してエラーを抑制します
foreach($strftimeFormats as $format => $description){
if (
False !== ($value = @strftime("%{$format}"))){
$strftimeValues[$format] = $value;
}
}

// 最長の値を探します
$maxValueLength = 2 + max(array_map('strlen', $strftimeValues));

// 既知の書式を表示します
foreach($strftimeValues as $format => $value){
echo
"Known format : '{$format}' = ", str_pad("'{$value}'", $maxValueLength), " ( {$strftimeFormats[$format]} )\n";
}

// 未知の書式を表示します
foreach(array_diff_key($strftimeFormats, $strftimeValues) as $format => $description){
echo
"Unknown format : '{$format}' ", str_pad(' ', $maxValueLength), ($description ? " ( {$description} )" : ''), "\n";
}
?>

上の例の出力は、 たとえば以下のようになります。

Known format   : 'A' = 'Friday'            ( A full textual representation of the day )
Known format   : 'B' = 'December'          ( Full month name, based on the locale )
Known format   : 'H' = '11'                ( Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format )
Known format   : 'I' = '11'                ( Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format )
Known format   : 'M' = '24'                ( Two digit representation of the minute )
Known format   : 'S' = '44'                ( Two digit representation of the second )
Known format   : 'U' = '48'                ( Week number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week )
Known format   : 'W' = '48'                ( A numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week )
Known format   : 'X' = '11:24:44'          ( Preferred time representation based on locale, without the date )
Known format   : 'Y' = '2010'              ( Four digit representation for the year )
Known format   : 'Z' = 'GMT Standard Time' ( The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system) )
Known format   : 'a' = 'Fri'               ( An abbreviated textual representation of the day )
Known format   : 'b' = 'Dec'               ( Abbreviated month name, based on the locale )
Known format   : 'c' = '12/03/10 11:24:44' ( Preferred date and time stamp based on local )
Known format   : 'd' = '03'                ( Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros) )
Known format   : 'j' = '337'               ( Day of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros )
Known format   : 'm' = '12'                ( Two digit representation of the month )
Known format   : 'p' = 'AM'                ( UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time )
Known format   : 'w' = '5'                 ( Numeric representation of the day of the week )
Known format   : 'x' = '12/03/10'          ( Preferred date representation based on locale, without the time )
Known format   : 'y' = '10'                ( Two digit representation of the year )
Known format   : 'z' = 'GMT Standard Time' ( Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system) )
Known format   : '%' = '%'                 ( A literal percentage character ("%") )
Unknown format : 'C'                       ( Two digit representation of the century (year divided by 100, truncated to an integer) )
Unknown format : 'D'                       ( Same as "%m/%d/%y" )
Unknown format : 'E'
Unknown format : 'F'                       ( Same as "%Y-%m-%d" )
Unknown format : 'G'                       ( The full four-digit version of %g )
Unknown format : 'J'
Unknown format : 'K'
Unknown format : 'L'
Unknown format : 'N'
Unknown format : 'O'
Unknown format : 'P'                       ( lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time )
Unknown format : 'Q'
Unknown format : 'R'                       ( Same as "%H:%M" )
Unknown format : 'T'                       ( Same as "%H:%M:%S" )
Unknown format : 'V'                       ( ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week )
Unknown format : 'e'                       ( Day of the month, with a space preceding single digits )
Unknown format : 'f'
Unknown format : 'g'                       ( Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V) )
Unknown format : 'h'                       ( Abbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b) )
Unknown format : 'i'
Unknown format : 'k'                       ( Hour in 24-hour format, with a space preceding single digits )
Unknown format : 'l'                       ( Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceding single digits )
Unknown format : 'n'                       ( A newline character ("\n") )
Unknown format : 'o'
Unknown format : 'q'
Unknown format : 'r'                       ( Same as "%I:%M:%S %p" )
Unknown format : 's'                       ( Unix Epoch Time timestamp )
Unknown format : 't'                       ( A Tab character ("\t") )
Unknown format : 'u'                       ( ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week )
Unknown format : 'v'

注意

注意: ISO 8601:1988 week numbers に基づいている %G と %V は、 もしナンバリングシステムが完全に理解されていなければ 期待とは違う結果をもたらします。 このマニュアルの %V の例を参照ください。

参考

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User Contributed Notes 40 notes

up
47
Bondas Timotei
12 years ago
If strange characters are returned use utf8_encode(strftime()) for UTF-8 characters
up
11
aaronw at catalyst dot net dot nz
6 years ago
The page mentions that the available conversion specifiers may be different in "Windows, some Linux distributions, and a few other operating systems".

Specifically, the list of specifiers on this page is basically those from standard GNU/Linux (but without %E, %O, and %+), which is a combination of specifiers from a few different standards. See: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/strftime.3.html

This means that, if you're not using Linux, or your Linux distro has a different C library than glibc, there *will* probably be at least a few differences in the supported specifiers. Windows has the most differences, but I've also encountered differences in Alpine Linux (which uses musl intsead of glibc) and BSD.
up
9
ciprianmp at yahoo dot com
13 years ago
This worked for me to distinguish between windows and linux, for stripping leading zeros from days/months in the short formats (like for Czech):
stristr(PHP_OS,"win") ? "%#d.%#m.%Y" : "%-d.%-m.%Y"
up
8
raf at sns dot pm
8 years ago
For all those who work with WampServer on Windows,
I propose you a formatting(layout) of date as " Friday, January 1st, 2016 " instead of " Friday, January 01st, 2016 " (note the zero in front of 1) which works at the same time on Windows / WampServer and on (on-line) Linux / waiter.
There are problems with "%e" - > which(who) works on Linux and not on Windows - > "%#d" (this works on windows/wampserver)
I simply made a condition:
<?php
if ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] == "website.com") // On line
{
  
$number_of_the_day= "%e"; // Number of the day without "0"
}
else
{
  
$number_of_the_day = "%#d"// The same on Windows/Wampserver
}

setlocale(LC_TIME, 'fr_FR.utf8','fra'); // I'm french !

// i use this fonction ucfirst('string') for "V" Maj. and "J" Maj.

echo ucfirst(strftime('%A '.$number_of_the_day.' %B %Y'));

//  "Vendredi 1 Janvier 2016"  (->  without "0")
?>
Here we are, I hope to have helped.
up
7
th1nk3r at gmail dot DELETETHIS dot com
17 years ago
Function strftime() use the locales installed in your system (linux).

If you are like me and only leave in the system the locales you use normally (en_US and your own language locale, like es_ES), you'll only be able to use the locales installed. If your application is translated to other languages, you need these locales too.

The name of the locale in your system is important too. This can be a problem when you want to distribute the app.

If you have this locales in your system:
en_US/ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8
es_ES/ISO-8859-1
es_ES@euro/ISO-8859-15
es_ES.UTF-8/UTF-8
es_ES@euro/UTF-8

and use setlocale('es_ES'), the result will use the iso-8859-1 charset even if you have all your system, files and configuration options in UTF-8. To receive content in UTF-8, in this example, you need to use setlocale('es_ES.UTF-8') or setlocale('es_ES.UTF-8@UTF-8').

The definition of locales can change from one system to another, and so the charset from the results.
up
5
baptiste dot place at utopiaweb dot fr
14 years ago
Created this small method to convert a date format to a strftime format. One format is enough to learn :)

<?php
/**
* Convert a date format to a strftime format
*
* Timezone conversion is done for unix. Windows users must exchange %z and %Z.
*
* Unsupported date formats : S, n, t, L, B, G, u, e, I, P, Z, c, r
* Unsupported strftime formats : %U, %W, %C, %g, %r, %R, %T, %X, %c, %D, %F, %x
*
* @param string $dateFormat a date format
* @return string
*/
public static function dateFormatToStrftime($dateFormat) {
   
   
$caracs = array(
       
// Day - no strf eq : S
       
'd' => '%d', 'D' => '%a', 'j' => '%e', 'l' => '%A', 'N' => '%u', 'w' => '%w', 'z' => '%j',
       
// Week - no date eq : %U, %W
       
'W' => '%V'
       
// Month - no strf eq : n, t
       
'F' => '%B', 'm' => '%m', 'M' => '%b',
       
// Year - no strf eq : L; no date eq : %C, %g
       
'o' => '%G', 'Y' => '%Y', 'y' => '%y',
       
// Time - no strf eq : B, G, u; no date eq : %r, %R, %T, %X
       
'a' => '%P', 'A' => '%p', 'g' => '%l', 'h' => '%I', 'H' => '%H', 'i' => '%M', 's' => '%S',
       
// Timezone - no strf eq : e, I, P, Z
       
'O' => '%z', 'T' => '%Z',
       
// Full Date / Time - no strf eq : c, r; no date eq : %c, %D, %F, %x 
       
'U' => '%s'
   
);
   
    return
strtr((string)$dateFormat, $caracs);
}
?>

I use it with this condition on a date format :
if(preg_match("/(D|l|F|M)/", $format))
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2
Anonymous
13 years ago
%V may fail with some systems (Windows XP, at least). Here is a function that should work to get the week number of a day (timestamped), according to ISO 8601.

"should work" as in "it is working with my understanding of this norm", where 1st of january can be week 52, 53 or 01. Hopefully.

testing (php_uname("s") == "Windows NT") or equivalent can be an option (when switching between Wampserver and a GNU server, for instance).

Please, erase and correct my message if there is any error.

<?php
function week_isonumber ($time) {
// When strftime("%V") fails, some unoptimized workaround
//
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 : week 1 is "the week with the year's first Thursday in it (the formal ISO definition)"

   
$year = strftime("%Y", $time);

   
$first_day = strftime("%w", mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, $year));
   
$last_day = strftime("%w", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 31, $year));
       
   
$number = $isonumber = strftime("%W", $time);

   
// According to strftime("%W"), 1st of january is in week 1 if and only if it is a monday
   
if ($first_day == 1)
       
$isonumber--;

   
// 1st of january is between monday and thursday; starting (now) at 0 when it should be 1
   
if ($first_day >= 1 && $first_day <= 4)
       
$isonumber++;
    else if (
$number == 0)
       
$isonumber = week_isonumber(mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 31, $year - 1));

    if (
$isonumber == 53 && ($last_day == 1 || $last_day == 2 || $last_day == 3))
       
$isonumber = 1;

    return
sprintf("%02d", $isonumber);
}
?>
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6
Lemmi
13 years ago
Why not use utf8_encode to fix problems with letters in ISO-8859-1 and charset set to UTF-8?

For example:
<?php

setlocale
(LC_TIME, "de_DE");
echo
utf8_encode(strftime('%B')); // Output e.g.: März

?>
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6
dgudgeon at example dot com
12 years ago
If moving from date() to strftime() to support additional languages, you may miss the ordinal suffix format option date('S'). Workaround this by adding an extra modifier (%O).

<?php
function my_strftime ($format, $timestamp)
{
   
$format = str_replace('%O', date('S', $timestamp), $format);   
    return
strftime($format, $timestamp);
}
?>
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2
Chris
12 years ago
Sometimes, you want Jan 1 to be week 1 and weeks to begin on Sunday. Here's a way to use strftime U format character to follow this convention:
<?php
$month
= 5; $year = 2012; echo "Week #'s in May 2012: ";
$week_num_correction = strftime('%U', mktime(0,0,0,1,1,$year)) === '00' ? 1 : 0;
$week_numbers = range(strftime('%U', mktime(0,0,0,$month,1,$year)) + $week_num_correction, strftime('%U', mktime(0,0,0,$month+1,0,$year)) + $week_num_correction);
foreach(
$week_numbers as $week_number) echo "$week_number ";
?>
displays: Week #'s in May 2012: 18 19 20 21 22
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4
szilagyigabor at yahoo dot com
14 years ago
This is that worked with UTF-8 encoding on Linux server, with right accents:
<?php
setlocale
(LC_ALL, 'hu_HU.UTF8');
echo(
strftime('%Y. %B %d. %A'));
?>

Output is:
2009. november 02. hétfő

Also, this one can be used, if not utf-8 preferred:
<?php
setlocale
(LC_ALL, 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2');
?>

UTF-8 is not supported on windows platforms, so there the iconv workaround must be used:
<?php
setlocale
(LC_ALL, 'hun_hun');
echo(
iconv('ISO-8859-2', 'UTF-8',strftime('%Y. %B %d. %A')));
?>

The output is the same as before. Note that, the iconv first parameter is ISO-8859-2 not ISO-8859-1, because the locale is hungarian which uses 8859-2 codepage as default. It is needed for the right accents.

If you want use the same code for Windows and Linux platforms, the second one is the right option (the iconv trick), but the locale configuration must be different (Linux: hu_HU, windows: hun_hun), but in that case the UTF8 tag is not needed for the Linux config.
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1
chris at ocproducts dot com
7 years ago
Displaying hours in 12 hour clock...

%I = Cross-platform, padded with leading zero
%-I = Not on Windows, no padding
%#I = Windows only, no padding

Linux and MacOS confirmed to behave the same.
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2
fmaz008 at gmail dot com
12 years ago
The example of the workarround for the %e modifier is a bit complex. Sometime you might want to prefer a simple ltrim():

<?php
ltrim
(strftime('%d', $time), '0');
?>
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2
Josue R.
16 years ago
Here's a simple version for date formating i use between displaying in HTML and converting back to MYSQL format:

<?php
function format_date($original='', $format="%m/%d/%Y") {
   
$format = ($format=='date' ? "%m-%d-%Y" : $format);
   
$format = ($format=='datetime' ? "%m-%d-%Y %H:%M:%S" : $format);
   
$format = ($format=='mysql-date' ? "%Y-%m-%d" : $format);
   
$format = ($format=='mysql-datetime' ? "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" : $format);
    return (!empty(
$original) ? strftime($format, strtotime($original)) : "" );
}
?>

example (in HTML or webapp):
[grab from database]...
$dbase_stored_date = "2007-03-15";
$display_html_date = format_date($dbase_stored_date);
... displays as "03/15/2007"

example (saving form via on POST/GET):
$update_date = format_date($_POST['display_html_date'], 'mysql-date');
// converts back to '2007-03-15'
.... [your mysql update here]

Don't forget to sanitize your POST/GET's   =)
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3
eljaunis at gmail dot com
15 years ago
This is what worked in my case:

<?php
    setlocale
(LC_ALL, 'es_ES').': ';
    echo
iconv('ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', strftime('%A %d de %B de %Y', time()));
   
?>

it displays: miércoles 22 de octubre de 2008
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3
jjarsater at gmail dot com
14 years ago
<?php
// Date string
$timestamp     =     strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Y");

// From this string ($timestamp) can we print
echo strftime("%a %d %b %H:%M:%S %Y", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>";
echo
strftime("%a %d %b %H:%M", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>";
echo
strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>";
echo
strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>";
echo
strftime("%Y-%m-%d", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>";
echo
strftime("%a %d %b %Y", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>";

/*And it will output

Wed 20 May 15:53:40 2009
Wed 20 May 15:53
2009-05-20 15:53:40
2009-05-20 15:53
2009-05-20
Wed 20 May 2009

*/
?>
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1
neo at gothic-chat d0t de
19 years ago
To get a RFC 850 date (used in HTTP) of the current time:

gmstrftime ("%A %d-%b-%y %T %Z", time ());

This will get for example:
Friday 25-Jun-04 03:30:23 GMT

Please note that times in HTTP-headers _must_ be GMT, so use gmstrftime() instead of strftime().
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1
lichihwu at gmail dot com
9 years ago
strftime() will get local time using timezone setting from date_default_timezone_set, then send format and converted tm structure to strftime() system call.

So it will output time stamp string ("%s" format string) with timezone converted tm structure, and it will be wrong unless you set  the same time zone with your machine.
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2
eric dot brison at anakeen dot com
10 years ago
strftime not format microsecond (decimal part of seconds).
This function add '%f' key in format to render microsecond (6 digits) also.

<?php
/**
* @param string $format strftime format
* @param float $microtime time with microsecond
* @return string
*/
function strftimeu($format, $microtime)
{
    if (
preg_match('/^[0-9]*\\.([0-9]+)$/', $microtime, $reg)) {
       
$decimal = substr(str_pad($reg[1], 6, "0"), 0, 6);
    } else {
       
$decimal = "000000";
    }
   
$format = preg_replace('/(%f)/', $decimal, $format);
    return
strftime($format, $microtime);
}
?>

Example :
<?php
$now
=microtime(true);
printf("REF:%s\n",$now );
printf("FMT:%s\n", strftimeu('%H:%M:%S.%f', $now));
?>

Results are :
REF:1393937303.6615
FMT:13:48:23.661500
FMT:13h 48min 23s 661500µs

Note : Here the decimal part of microtime is on 4 digits due to default precision
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1
jerome dot place at free dot fr
16 years ago
Here is a function to convert dates before 1970, very useful if you are still using php 4 (it is supported in php5) :

<?php
# convert a date to special format
# $date is like 2000-01-01 00:00:00
# $format : refer to strftime function
function convert_date($date,$format) {   
    if(
$date=='0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR $date=='0000-00-00' OR $date=='' OR $date==NULL) {
        return
'';
    }
    else {
       
$year=substr($date,0,4);
        if(
phpversion() < 5.0 AND $year < 1970) {
           
           
$new_date=substr_replace($date,'1980',0,4); # we replace the year by a year after 1970       
           
$new_format=eregi_replace('%a|%A|%u','',$format); # we remove days information from the format because they would be wrong
           
$new_date=strftime($new_format,strtotime($new_date)); # we convert the date
           
$new_date=eregi_replace('1980',$year,$new_date); # we put back the real year
           
return $new_date;
        }
        else {
            return
strftime($format,strtotime($date));
        }
    }
}
?>
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2
denis at spiralsolutions dot com
17 years ago
(in addition to Andy's post)
To get a RFC 2822 date (used in RSS) of the current local time :

echo strftime ("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z") ;

Note: option %z / %Z - work different on Windows platform, for example
output of this code line can be:
Thu, 02 Nov 2006 09:54:59 Jerusalem Standard Time (on Windows)
Thu, 02 Nov 2006 09:54:59 +0200                   (on Linux)

[red. It is much smarter to use date(DATE_RSS); here]
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2
Jon Keating
18 years ago
Under windows if you are using Japanese version, you must use the following code:

setlocale(LC_ALL, "Japanese_Japan.20932") for EUC
setlocale(LC_ALL, "Japanese_Japan.932") for SJIS

I found the following page that helped me with this issue:
http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=8329
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1
Chad
14 years ago
On the Linux server I'm using, strftime() also accepts a "-" option to request no padding:

<?php
$ts
= strtotime("4 Nov 2009");
echo
strlen(strftime("%-e", $ts)), "\n"; // "1" (no padding)
echo strlen(strftime("%e", $ts)), "\n"; // "2" (space padded)
?>
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0
aimendrikonan at gmail dot com
3 years ago
// To set french date format

public function date_chaine($date){

        if($date==NULL){ $date = date('Y-m-d');}
        setlocale(LC_ALL, 'fr_FR').': ';
        return strftime( "%A %d %B %Y" , strtotime($date));
    }

/*
    return this Mercredi 16 septembre 2020
*/
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0
Marc17
6 years ago
For Windows : this function return the ISO 8601 week number of timestamp.

function week_number_ISO8601($ts_date=0) {
    //See https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Num.C3.A9ro_de_semaine
    if ($ts_date==0) $ts_date=time();
    $n_w_th_ts_date=strftime('%w',$ts_date);
    $ts_thursday=($n_w_th_ts_date==0)?($ts_date-3*24*3600):($ts_date-($n_w_th_ts_date-4)*24*3600);
    $n_ts_thursday=strftime('%j',$ts_thursday);
    $w_n_iso=1+(int)(($n_ts_thursday-1)/7);
    return sprintf("%02d",$w_n_iso);
}
up
0
denis at ibresource dot ru
9 years ago
%p and %P replaced to '' in ru and other locales so 20:10 in %I:%M %p will be 08:10 in russian (without pm)
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0
Michael Z.
14 years ago
This is so simple it has to be found in one of all the comments on all those different time functions. But since I didn't find it, here it is: Use this to convert between different time formats:

<?PHP
if (!function_exists('convertTime')) {
 
/** Converts time strings from one format into another using
   *  PHP formats.
   *
   *  @param String $dformat Format to convert to
   *  @param String $sformat Format to convert from, e.g. format
   *      of $ts
   *  @param String $ts Time string to be converted
   *  @return String Supplied time translated to the format specified
   *    in $dformat
   */
 
function convertTime($dformat,$sformat,$ts) {
   
extract(strptime($ts,$sformat));
    return
strftime($dformat,mktime(
                                 
intval($tm_hour),
                                 
intval($tm_min),
                                 
intval($tm_sec),
                                 
intval($tm_mon)+1,
                                 
intval($tm_mday),
                                 
intval($tm_year)+1900
                               
));
  }
}

/*
* And for the test....
*/
echo convertTime('%Y-%m-%d','%d.%m.%Y','27.11.2009');
?>

This should print "2009-27-11".

I did not put much effort in this code. The task also seems "too simple to be neccessary". But as I said, I didn't find anything to help me with this.

Cheers,

Michael Z
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0
buana95 at yahoo dot com
15 years ago
For windows user:

If you unsuccessfully change date/time format to your locale country using xx_XX format, try using XXX format or ISO-639 country codes format.

See complete list for ISO-639 here: http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm

For example:

<?php
setlocale
(LC_ALL, 'IND');
echo
strftime("Today in Indonesia is %A");
?>
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0
nielsvan den berge at hotmail dot com
16 years ago
A small function to get the first weekday of the month.
For example the first monday of the month, or the first friday, etc.

<?php 
 
/**
   *
   *  Gets the first weekday of that month and year
   *
   *  @param  int   The day of the week (0 = sunday, 1 = monday ... , 6 = saturday)
   *  @param  int   The month (if false use the current month)
   *  @param  int   The year (if false use the current year)
   *
   *  @return int   The timestamp of the first day of that month
   *
   **/ 
 
function get_first_day($day_number=1, $month=false, $year=false)
  {
   
$month  = ($month === false) ? strftime("%m"): $month;
   
$year   = ($year === false) ? strftime("%Y"): $year;
   
   
$first_day = 1 + ((7+$day_number - strftime("%w", mktime(0,0,0,$month, 1, $year)))%7);
 
    return
mktime(0,0,0,$month, $first_day, $year);
  }

// this will output the first wednesday of january 2007 (wed 03-01-2007)
echo strftime("%a %d-%m-%Y", get_first_day(3, 1, 2007));
?>
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0
ma
16 years ago
note, that for some languages you MUST set LC_ALL instead of LC_TIME.

note that you further have to explicitly define your output-encoding (default is ISO-8859-1 [which makes problems for some languages])!

at least i expirienced this behaviour on a german WinXP-PHP4 environment:

<?php

// does not work - gives question marks:
setlocale(LC_TIME, 'RUS'); // ISO Alpha-3 is supported by xp
echo strftime('%A', time());

?>

<?php

// DOES work:
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8'); // you could also use another charset here if iconv isn't installed on your system.

echo setlocale(LC_ALL, 'RUS').': ';
echo
iconv('windows-1251', 'UTF-8', strftime('%A', time()))."\n";

?>
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0
jw at jwscripts dot com
18 years ago
The following function implements the conversion specifiers which are not supported on Win32 platforms:

(Note: the specifiers %V, %G and %g can be implemented using other functions described in this section)

<?php

function strftime_win32($format, $ts = null) {
    if (!
$ts) $ts = time();

   
$mapping = array(
       
'%C' => sprintf("%02d", date("Y", $ts) / 100),
       
'%D' => '%m/%d/%y',
       
'%e' => sprintf("%' 2d", date("j", $ts)),
       
'%h' => '%b',
       
'%n' => "\n",
       
'%r' => date("h:i:s", $ts) . " %p",
       
'%R' => date("H:i", $ts),
       
'%t' => "\t",
       
'%T' => '%H:%M:%S',
       
'%u' => ($w = date("w", $ts)) ? $w : 7
   
);
   
$format = str_replace(
       
array_keys($mapping),
       
array_values($mapping),
       
$format
   
);

    return
strftime($format, $ts);
}

?>
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-1
Uwe at Familie-Loyal dot de
10 years ago
more fixed Problems while uing strftime in win32-systems.

        function strftime_win32($format, $ts = null) {
                if (!$ts) $ts = time();
       
                $mapping = array(
                                '%C' => sprintf("%02d", date("Y", $ts) / 100),
                                '%D' => '%m/%d/%y',
                                '%e' => sprintf("%' 2d", date("j", $ts)),
                                '%h' => '%b',
                                '%n' => "\n",
                                '%r' => date("h:i:s", $ts) . " %p",
                                '%R' => date("H:i", $ts),
                                '%t' => "\t",
                                '%T' => '%H:%M:%S',
                                '%u' => ($w = date("w", $ts)) ? $w : 7
                );
                $format = str_replace(
                                array_keys($mapping),
                                array_values($mapping),
                                $format
                );
               
                if($format=='%V' or $format=='%G' or $format=='%g'){
                        // When strftime("%V") fails, some unoptimized workaround
                        //
                        // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 : week 1 is "the week with the year's first Thursday in it (the formal ISO definition)"

                       
                        $year = strftime("%Y", $ts);
                        $isoyear=$year;
                       
                        $first_day = strftime("%w", mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, $year));
                        $last_day = strftime("%w", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 31, $year));
                       
                        $number = $isonumber = strftime("%W", $ts);
                       
                        // According to strftime("%W"), 1st of january is in week 1 if and only if it is a monday
                        if ($first_day == 1) {
                                $isonumber--;
                        }
                       
                        // 1st of january is between monday and thursday; starting (now) at 0 when it should be 1
                        if ($first_day >= 1 && $first_day <= 4){
                                $isonumber++;
                                $isoyear=$year;
                        }elseif ($number == 0){
                                $isonumber = mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 31, $year - 1);
                                $isoyear=$year;
                        }
                        if ($isonumber == 53 && ($last_day == 1 || $last_day == 2 || $last_day == 3)){
                                $isonumber = 1;
                                $isoyear=$year+1;
                        }
                        if ($format=='%V') {
                                return sprintf("%02d", $isonumber);
                        }elseif ($format=='%G'){
                                return sprintf("%04d", $isoyear);
                        }elseif ($format=='%g'){
                                return substr(sprintf("%04d", $isoyear),-2);
                        }
                       
                               
                }else{
                        return strftime($format, $ts);
                }
        }
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-1
emanuelis at gmail
5 years ago
Linux locales have alt_mon  values for months and php's strftime() has an undocumented format string %OB to get these values.

<?php
setlocale
(LC_ALL, "lt_LT.UTF8");

for (
$i = 1; $i <= 12; $i++) {
echo
strftime("%B", strtotime("2018-$i-01"))." ";
}
//outputs: sausio vasario kovo balandžio gegužės birželio liepos rugpjūčio rugsėjo spalio lapkričio gruodžio
echo "\n";

for (
$i = 1; $i <= 12; $i++) {
echo
strftime("%OB", strtotime("2018-$i-01"))." ";
}
//outputs: sausis vasaris kovas balandis gegužė birželis liepa rugpjūtis rugsėjis spalis lapkritis gruodis

?>
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-1
chris at ocproducts dot com
7 years ago
Displaying days of month...

%d = Cross-platform, padded with leading zero
%e = Not on Windows, padded with leading space
%-d = Not on Windows, no padding
%#d = Windows only, no padding

Linux and MacOS confirmed to behave the same.
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-2
alexbrtn@gmail dot com
10 years ago
{--}, it is replaced on "today" or "yesterday"
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-1
Anonymous
5 years ago
If you get wrong characters / encoding, use .utf8 notion after your locale, like this: setlocale(LC_TIME, 'sk_SK.utf8');
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-1
dosergio at gmail dot com
7 years ago
/*
     Date localized. (date + lo) = datelo
     @param $str = date string format
     @param optional $locale = desired locale, depends on presence in system. Defaults to en_US
     @param optional $time = If needs a specific time, and not current.

     @returns localized translation.

     usage example:  datelo( 'd-M-Y', 'pt_BR') internally changes to '%e-%b-%G' and returns "4-Dez-2016"  (Dezembro is Portuguese word)

    NOTE: Flags prohibited in this version:  "z" and "n", will cause to return the 'date' function version, with no translation!
*/

function datelo( $str, $locale='en_US', $time=null){

  if( $time === null){  $time = time(); }
  
  if ( preg_match("/[DlFM]/", $str) && ! preg_match("/[nz]/",  $str)){
    setlocale(LC_ALL, $locale);
    $dict = array();
    $dict['d'] = '%d';
    $dict['D'] = '%a';
    $dict['j'] = '%e';
    $dict['l'] = '%A';
    $dict['N'] = '%u';
    $dict['w'] = '%w';
    $dict['F'] = '%B';
    $dict['m'] = '%m';
    $dict['M'] = '%b';
    $dict['Y'] = '%G';
    $dict['g'] = '%l';
    $dict['G'] = '%k';
    $dict['h'] = '%I';
    $dict['H'] = '%H';
    $dict['i'] = '%M';
    $dict['s'] = '%S';
    $dict['S'] = ' '; //removes English sufixes th rd etc.
    $dict[' '] = ' ';
    $dict['-'] = '-';
    $dict['/'] = '/';
    $dict[':'] = ':';
    $dict[','] = ',';

    $chars = preg_split("//", $str);
    $nstr = '';

    foreach ($chars as $c){
      if ($c){ //skip empties
         $nstr .= $dict[$c];
      }
    }

    return strftime( $nstr);    

  }else{ // not localized

    return date( $str, $time);

  }
}
up
-3
dapikk[at]gmail[dot]com
15 years ago
I had a need to subtrackt an older time from current time to get the time between.
Example: If one has worked from 2009-03-16 11:33:54 to 2009-03-16 12:01:54 then he has worked X hours,minutes and seconds. I tried to find that X. And so - one solution would be:
<?php
$start_date
= strtotime("2009-03-16 11:33:54"); //start date from database - date("Y-m-d H:i:s") made as UNIX timestamp
$end_date = strtotime("2009-03-16 12:01:54"); //end date from database - date("Y-m-d H:i:s") made as UNIX timestamp
$ajavahe = $end_date - $start_date;
$time_between = gmstrftime('%Hh %Mm %Ss', $ajavahe); //gmstrftime() deals with different timezones correctly. (If in example you would be situated in Estonia and you would use strftime() you get wrong answer off by 2 hrs, because timezone is GMT+2 - with gmstrftime() comes right answer.)

echo 'You have worked: '.$time_between;
?>
Hope that this one makes someones life easier :D
up
-11
khaled dot ataia at gmail dot com
15 years ago
for Arabic

<?php
setlocale
(LC_ALL,'ar');
echo
strftime('%A %d %B %Y');
?>
up
-5
anton at zebooka dot com
6 years ago
This function outputs incorrect timezone.

PHP 7.1.14 (cli) (built: Feb  2 2018 08:42:59) ( NTS )

We have changed timezone several times in Russia, Novosibirsk:

$ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk | tail -n10
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk  Sat Oct 30 19:59:59 2010 UTC = Sun Oct 31 02:59:59 2010 +07 isdst=1
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk  Sat Oct 30 20:00:00 2010 UTC = Sun Oct 31 02:00:00 2010 +06 isdst=0
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk  Sat Mar 26 19:59:59 2011 UTC = Sun Mar 27 01:59:59 2011 +06 isdst=0
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk  Sat Mar 26 20:00:00 2011 UTC = Sun Mar 27 03:00:00 2011 +07 isdst=0
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk  Sat Oct 25 18:59:59 2014 UTC = Sun Oct 26 01:59:59 2014 +07 isdst=0
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk  Sat Oct 25 19:00:00 2014 UTC = Sun Oct 26 01:00:00 2014 +06 isdst=0
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk  Sat Jul 23 19:59:59 2016 UTC = Sun Jul 24 01:59:59 2016 +06 isdst=0
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk  Sat Jul 23 20:00:00 2016 UTC = Sun Jul 24 03:00:00 2016 +07 isdst=0
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk  Mon Jan 18 03:14:07 2038 UTC = Mon Jan 18 10:14:07 2038 +07 isdst=0

Incorrect:

php > echo strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z', strtotime("2015-11-15"));
2015-11-15 00:00:00 +0700

Correct:
php > echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s O', strtotime("2015-11-15"));
2015-11-15 00:00:00 +0600
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