pg_put_line
Unfortunately the params will not respect string representations of NULL or NOW(). If your code pushes these values, they be considered a string and inserted literally as "NULL" and "NOW()".
Ideally, there should be an additional parameter that you can assign to force this text as pgSQL functions/reserved words and not wrap them up as strings (assuming pgSQL's parameterized queries support this.
This same problem also occurs for comma lists used in "WHERE column IN (1,2,3,4)", params treats "1,2,3,4" as a string, not a list of numbers, and runs it with quotes also.
For debugging, I use this function to simulate params, keep in mind this is not 100% accurate, it only attempts to simulate the actual SQL that param queries create.
<?php
function pg_query_params_return_sql($query, $array)
{
$query_parsed = $query;
for ($a = 0, $b = sizeof($array); $a < $b; $a++)
{
if ( is_numeric($array[$a]) )
{
$query_parsed = str_replace(('$'.($a+1)), str_replace("'","''", $array[$a]), $query_parsed );
}
else
{
$query_parsed = str_replace(('$'.($a+1)), "'".str_replace("'","''", $array[$a])."'", $query_parsed );
}
}
return $query_parsed;
}
?>
pg_query_params
(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0)
pg_query_params — SQL コマンドとパラメータを分割してサーバーにを送信し、その結果を待つ
説明
resource pg_query_params
([ resource
$connection
], string $query
, array $params
)コマンドをサーバーに送信し、その結果を待ちます。パラメータを SQL コマンド とは別に渡すことが可能です。
pg_query_params() は pg_query() と似ていますが、追加の機能を有しています。それはパラメータ値が コマンド文字列と分離しているということです。 pg_query_params() は PostgreSQL 7.4 以降の接続でのみ サポートされます。それ以前のバージョンでは失敗します。
パラメータを使用する際は、query 文字列内で
$1、$2 のように参照されます。
query の中で同じパラメータを何度も使えます。
その場合は、それぞれに同じ値が渡されます。
params で
実際の値を指定します。NULL を指定すると、SQL の NULL
とみなされます。
pg_query() に対する pg_query_params()
の最大の利点は、パラメータの値を query 文字列から
分離できることです。そのため、退屈でエラーの元となりやすいクォート・
エスケープなどをしなくてもよくなります。 pg_query()
と異なり、 pg_query_params() ではひとつの SQL
コマンドしか実行できません（クエリ文字列にセミコロンを含めることは
可能です。しかしそれ以降にコマンドを続けることはできません）。
パラメータ
-
connection -
PostgreSQL データベース接続リソース。
connectionが指定されていない場合はデフォルトの接続が使用されます。 デフォルトの接続は、直近の pg_connect() あるいは pg_pconnect() によって作成されたものです。 -
query -
パラメータ化した SQL 文。ひとつの文のみである必要があります （複数の文をセミコロンで区切る形式は使用できません）。パラメータを 使用する際は $1、$2 などの形式で参照されます。
-
params -
プリペアドステートメント中の $1、$2 などのプレースホルダを 置き換えるパラメータの配列。配列の要素数はプレースホルダの 数と一致する必要があります。
返り値
成功した場合にクエリ結果リソース、失敗した場合に FALSE を返します。
例
例1 pg_query_params() の使用法
<?php
// "mary"という名前のデータベースに接続
$dbconn = pg_connect("dbname=mary");
// Joe's Widgets という名前の店を探す。"Joe's Widgets" を
// エスケープする必要がないことに注意
$result = pg_query_params($dbconn, 'SELECT * FROM shops WHERE name = $1', array("Joe's Widgets"));
// pg_query を使用した場合と比較
$str = pg_escape_string("Joe's Widgets");
$result = pg_query($dbconn, "SELECT * FROM shops WHERE name = '{$str}'");
?>
add a note
User Contributed Notes
pg_query_params - [10 notes]
travismowens at gmail dot com ¶
2 years ago
peter dot kehl+nospam at gmail dot com ¶
6 months ago
Third parameter $params of pg_query_params() ignores nay part of the string values after a zero byte character - PHP "\0" or chr(0). That may be a result of serialize().
See https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=63344
alec at smecher dot bc dot ca ¶
1 year ago
Note that due to your locale's number formatting settings, you may not be able to pass a numeric value in as a parameter and have it arrive in PostgreSQL still a number.
If your system locale uses "," as a decimal separator, the following will result in a database error:
pg_query_params($conn, 'SELECT $1::numeric', array(3.5));
For this to work, it's necessary to manually convert 3.5 to a string using e.g. number_format.
(I filed this as bug #46408, but apparently it's expected behavior.)
victor dot engmark at terreactive dot ch ¶
1 year ago
You can't run multiple statements with pg_query_params, but you can still have transaction support without falling back to pg_query:
<?php
$connection = pg_connect("host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 dbname=foo user=bar password=baz");
pg_query($connection, 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS example');
pg_query($connection, 'CREATE TABLE example (col char(1))');
pg_query($connection, 'INSERT INTO example (col) VALUES (\'a\')');
// 'SELECT col FROM example' in another session returns "a"
pg_query($connection, 'BEGIN');
pg_query_params($connection, 'UPDATE example SET col = $1', array('b'));
// 'SELECT col FROM example' in another session still returns "a"
pg_query_params($connection, 'UPDATE example SET col = $1', array('c'));
// 'SELECT col FROM example' in another session still returns "a"
pg_query($connection, 'COMMIT');
// 'SELECT col FROM example' in another session returns "c"
?>
ac at esilo dot com ¶
3 years ago
pg_query and pg_query_params can be combined into a single function. This also removes the need to construct a parameter array for pg_query_params:
<?php
function my_query($conn, $query)
{
if(func_num_args() == 2)
return pg_query($conn, $query);
$args = func_get_args();
$params = array_splice($args, 2);
return pg_query_params($conn, $query, $params);
}
?>
Usage:
<?php
/* non-parameterized example */
my_query($conn, "SELECT $val1 + $val2");
/* parameterized example */
my_query($conn, "SELECT $1 + $2", $val1, $val2);
?>
strata_ranger at hotmail dot com ¶
3 years ago
Regarding boolean values, just typecast them as (integer) when passing them in your query -- '0' and '1' are perfectly acceptable literals for SQL boolean input:
- http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.2/interactive/datatype-boolean.html
It is also safe to write your paramerized query in double-quotes, which allows you to mix constant values and placeholders in your query without having to worry about how whether PHP will attempt to substitute any variables in your parameterized string.
Of course this also means that unlike PHP's double-quoted string syntax, you CAN include literal $1, $2, etc. inside SQL strings, e.g:
<?php
// Works ($1 is a placeholder, $2 is meant literally)
pg_query_params("INSERT INTO foo (col1, col2) VALUES ($1, 'costs $2')", Array($data1));
// Throws an E_WARNING (passing too many parameters)
pg_query_params("INSERT INTO foo (col1, col2) VALUES ($1, 'costs $2')", Array($data1, $data2));
?>
jsnell at e-normous dot com ¶
5 years ago
When inserting into a pg column of type bool, you cannot supply a PHP type of bool. You must instead use a string "t" or "f". PHP attempts to change boolean values supplied as parameters to strings, and then attempts to use a blank string for false.
Example of Failure:
pg_query_params('insert into table1 (bool_column) values ($1)', array(false));
Works:
pg_query_params('insert into lookup_permissions (system) values ($1)', array(false ? 't' : 'f'));
dt309 at f2s dot com ¶
6 years ago
If you need to provide multiple possible values for a field in a select query, then the following will help.
<?php
// Assume that $values[] is an array containing the values you are interested in.
$values = array(1, 4, 5, 8);
// To select a variable number of arguments using pg_query() you can use:
$valuelist = implode(', ', $values);
$query = "SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE col1 IN ($valuelist)";
$result = pg_query($query)
or die(pg_last_error());
// You may therefore assume that the following will work.
$query = 'SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE col1 IN ($1)';
$result = pg_query_params($query, array($valuelist))
or die(pg_last_error());
// Produces error message: 'ERROR: invalid input syntax for integer'
// It only works when a SINGLE value specified.
// Instead you must use the following approach:
$valuelist = '{' . implode(', ', $values . '}'
$query = 'SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE col1 = ANY ($1)';
$result = pg_query_params($query, array($valuelist));
?>
The error produced in this example is generated by PostGreSQL.
The last method works by creating a SQL array containing the desired values. 'IN (...)' and ' = ANY (...)' are equivalent, but ANY is for working with arrays, and IN is for working with simple lists.
mledford ¶
6 years ago
If you are trying to replicate the function pg_query_params, you might also want to support NULL values. While is_int returns true for a NULL value, the formatting for the SQL.
function pg_query_params( $db, $query, $parameters ) {
// Escape parameters as required & build parameters for callback function
global $pg_query_params__parameters;
foreach( $parameters as $k=>$v ) {
if ( is_null($v) ) {
$parameters[$k] = 'NULL';
} else {
$parameters[$k] = ( is_int( $v ) ? $v : "'".pg_escape_string( $v )."'" );
}
}
$pg_query_params__parameters = $parameters;
// Call using pg_query
return pg_query( $db, preg_replace_callback( '/\$([0-9]+)/', 'pg_query_params__callback', $query));
}
cc+php at c2se dot com ¶
6 years ago
This is a useful function for preventing SQL injection attacks, so, for those of us who are not yet able to upgrade to PHP5.1, here is a replacement function which works similarly on older versions of PHP...
<?php # Parameterised query implementation for Postgresql and older versions of PHP
if( !function_exists( 'pg_query_params' ) ) {
function pg_query_params__callback( $at ) {
global $pg_query_params__parameters;
return $pg_query_params__parameters[ $at[1]-1 ];
}
function pg_query_params( $db, $query, $parameters ) {
// Escape parameters as required & build parameters for callback function
global $pg_query_params__parameters;
foreach( $parameters as $k=>$v )
$parameters[$k] = ( is_int( $v ) ? $v : "'".pg_escape_string( $v )."'" );
$pg_query_params__parameters = $parameters;
// Call using pg_query
return pg_query( $db, preg_replace_callback( '/\$([0-9]+)/', 'pg_query_params__callback', $query ) );
}
}
// Example: pg_query_params( $db_resource, "SELECT * FROM table WHERE col1=$1 AND col2=$2", array( 42, "It's ok" ) );
?>