Kepp the following Quote in mind:
If eval() is the answer, you're almost certainly asking the
wrong question. -- Rasmus Lerdorf, BDFL of PHP
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
eval — Esegue una stringa come codice PHP
Esegue la data stringa code
come codice PHP.
eval() è un costrutto del linguaggio molto pericoloso perché permette l'esecuzione di codice PHP arbitrario. Il suo uso è pertanto sconsigliato. Se si è certi che non esistono altre soluzioni al posto di usare eval(), fare particolare attenzione a non inserire codice fornito dall'utente senza averlo preventivamente validato.
code
Codice PHP valido da eseguire.
Il codice non deve essere incluso nei tag
di apertura e chisura di PHP. Ad esempio
'echo "Ciao!";'
è corretto invece di
'<? echo "Ciao!"; >'
. È comunque possibile uscire e
rientrare nella modalità PHP attraverso l'utilizzo dei tag PHP appropriati, ad esempio:
'echo "In PHP mode!"; ?>In HTML mode!<? echo "Back in PHP mode!";'
.
Oltre a questo, valgono tutte le regole del codice PHP. Questo include l'inserimento al termine
di ogni istruzione del punto e virgola.
'echo "Ciao!"'
per esempio causerà un parse error, mentre
'echo "Ciao!";'
funzionerà.
Un'istruzione return
causa immediatamente la terminazione del codice
in corso di esecuzione dalla eval().
L'ambito di esecuzione è ristretto a dove eval() viene chiamata. Quindi qualsiasi variabile definita o modificata all'interno di eval() rimarrà visibile dopo la sua terminazione.
eval() ritorna null
a meno che
non venga richiamato return
nel codice da valutare, in tal caso
il valore passato a return
viene ritornato. Se avviene un
parse error nel codice valutato, eval() ritorna
false
e l'esecuzione del codice seguente continua normalmente. Non
è possibile catturare un parse error in eval()
usando set_error_handler().
Example #1 Esempio di eval() - semplice unione di testo
<?php
$string = 'cup';
$name = 'coffee';
$str = 'This is a $string with my $name in it.';
echo $str. "\n";
eval("\$str = \"$str\";");
echo $str. "\n";
?>
Il precedente esempio visualizzerà:
This is a $string with my $name in it. This is a cup with my coffee in it.
Nota: Poiché questo è un costrutto del linguaggio e non una funzione, non può essere chiamato con le variabili funzione
Come con qualsiasi cosa che invia il risultato direttamente al browser, è possibile utilizzare la funzione output-control per catturare l'uscita di questa funzione e salvarla - per esempio - in una stringa (per esempio).
Nota:
In caso di fatal error nel codice valutato, l'intero script termina.
Kepp the following Quote in mind:
If eval() is the answer, you're almost certainly asking the
wrong question. -- Rasmus Lerdorf, BDFL of PHP
Note that
<?php
echo eval( '$var = (20 - 5);' ); // don't show anything
echo ' someString ' . eval( 'echo $var = 15;' ); // outputs 15 someString
//or
echo ' someString ' . eval( 'echo $var = 15;' ) . ' otherString '; // 15 someString otherString
//or
echo ' someString ' . eval( 'echo $var = 15;' ) . ' otherString ' . '...' .eval( 'echo " __ " . $var = 10;' ); // 15 __ 10 someString otherString ...
?>
At least in PHP 7.1+, eval() terminates the script if the evaluated code generate a fatal error. For example:
<?php
@eval('$content = (100 - );');
?>
(Even if it is in the man, I'm note sure it acted like this in 5.6, but whatever)
To catch it, I had to do:
<?php
try {
eval('$content = (100 - );');
} catch (Throwable $t) {
$content = null;
}
?>
This is the only way I found to catch the error and hide the fact there was one.
Inception with eval()
<pre>
Inception Start:
<?php
eval("echo 'Inception lvl 1...\n'; eval('echo \"Inception lvl 2...\n\"; eval(\"echo \'Inception lvl 3...\n\'; eval(\'echo \\\"Limbo!\\\";\');\");');");
?>
It should be noted that imported namespaces are not available in eval.
If you want to allow math input and make sure that the input is proper mathematics and not some hacking code, you can try this:
<?php
$test = '2+3*pi';
// Remove whitespaces
$test = preg_replace('/\s+/', '', $test);
$number = '(?:\d+(?:[,.]\d+)?|pi|π)'; // What is a number
$functions = '(?:sinh?|cosh?|tanh?|abs|acosh?|asinh?|atanh?|exp|log10|deg2rad|rad2deg|sqrt|ceil|floor|round)'; // Allowed PHP functions
$operators = '[+\/*\^%-]'; // Allowed math operators
$regexp = '/^(('.$number.'|'.$functions.'\s*\((?1)+\)|\((?1)+\))(?:'.$operators.'(?2))?)+$/'; // Final regexp, heavily using recursive patterns
if (preg_match($regexp, $q))
{
$test = preg_replace('!pi|π!', 'pi()', $test); // Replace pi with pi function
eval('$result = '.$test.';');
}
else
{
$result = false;
}
?>
I can't guarantee you absolutely that this will block every possible malicious code nor that it will block malformed code, but that's better than the matheval function below which will allow malformed code like '2+2+' which will throw an error.
eval() is workaround for generating multiple anonymous classes with static properties in loop
public function generateClassMap()
{
foreach ($this->classMap as $tableName => $class)
{
$c = null;
eval('$c = new class extends \common\MyStaticClass {
public static $tableName;
public static function tableName()
{
return static::$tableName;
}
};');
$c::$tableName = $this->replicationPrefix.$tableName;
$this->classMap[$tableName] = $c;
}
}
thus every class will have its own $tableName instead of common ancestor.
The following code
<?php
eval( '?> foo <?php' );
?>
does not throw any error, but prints the opening tag.
Adding a space after the open tag fixes it:
<?php
eval( '?> foo <?php ' );
?>
imo, this is a better eval replacement:
<?php
function betterEval($code) {
$tmp = tmpfile ();
$tmpf = stream_get_meta_data ( $tmp );
$tmpf = $tmpf ['uri'];
fwrite ( $tmp, $code );
$ret = include ($tmpf);
fclose ( $tmp );
return $ret;
}
?>
- why? betterEval follows normal php opening and closing tag conventions, there's no need to strip `<?php?>` from the source. and it always throws a ParseError if there was a parse error, instead of returning false (note: this was fixed for normal eval() in php 7.0). - and there's also something about exception backtraces
eval'd code within namespaces which contain class and/or function definitions will be defined in the global namespace... not incredibly obvious :/
For them who are facing syntax error when try execute code in eval,
<?php
$str = '<?php echo "test"; ?>';
eval('?>'.$str.'<?php;'); // outputs test
eval('?>'.$str.'<?'); // outputs test
eval('?>'.$str.'<?php');// throws syntax error - unexpected $end
?>
To catch a parse error in eval()'ed code with a custom error handler, use error_get_last() (PHP >= 5.2.0).
<?php
$return = eval( 'parse error' );
if ( $return === false && ( $error = error_get_last() ) ) {
myErrorHandler( $error['type'], $error['message'], $error['file'], $error['line'], null );
// Since the "execution of the following code continues normally", as stated in the manual,
// we still have to exit explicitly in case of an error
exit;
}
?>
Magic constants like __FILE__ may not return what you expect if used inside eval()'d code. Instead, it'll answer something like "c:\directory\filename.php(123) : eval()'d code" (under Windows, obviously, checked with PHP5.2.6) - which can still be processed with a function like preg_replace to receive the filename of the file containing the eval().
Example:
<?php
$filename = preg_replace('@\(.*\(.*$@', '', __FILE__);
echo $filename;
?>
eval does not work reliably in conjunction with global, at least not in the cygwin port version.
So:
<?PHP
class foo {
//my class...
}
function load_module($module) {
eval("global \$".$module."_var;");
eval("\$".$module."_var=&new foo();");
//various stuff ... ...
}
load_module("foo");
?>
becomes to working:
<?PHP
class foo {
//my class...
}
function load_module($module) {
eval('$GLOBALS["'.$module.'_var"]=&new foo();');
//various stuff ... ...
}
load_module("foo");
?>
Note in the 2nd example, you _always_ need to use $GLOBALS[$module] to access the variable!
If you attempt to call a user defined function in eval() and .php files are obfuscated by Zend encoder, it will result in a fatal error.
Use a call_user_func() inside eval() to call your personal hand made functions.
This is user function
<?php
function square_it($nmb)
{
return $nmb * $nmb;
}
?>
//Checking if eval sees it?
<?php
$code = var_export( function_exists('square_it') );
eval( $code ); //returns TRUE - so yes it does!
?>
This will result in a fatal error:
PHP Fatal error: Call to undefined function square_it()
<?php
$code = 'echo square_it(55);' ;
eval( $code );
?>
This will work
<?php
$code = 'echo call_user_func(\'square_it\', 55);' ;
eval( $code );
?>
In 2020, many people don't want to mix their PHP code and HTML, and they also think PHP itself is better than any template engines. But whenever you are making an template engine, use "include" to include your view file instead of using eval(). Many farmeworks are using this solution, such as Laravel.
If you rally want to eval a string, write them to a cached .php file first, then include it.