Espaces de noms et langage dynamique

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

L'implémentation des espaces de noms de PHP est influencée par sa nature dynamique de langage de programmation. Par conséquent, pour convertir du code tel que le code de l'exemple suivant, en un espace de noms :

Exemple #1 Accès dynamique aux éléments

example1.php:

<?php
class classname
{
function
__construct()
{
echo
__METHOD__,"\n";
}
}
function
funcname()
{
echo
__FUNCTION__,"\n";
}
const
constname = "global";

$a = 'classname';
$obj = new $a; // affiche classname::__construct
$b = 'funcname';
$b(); // affiche funcname
echo constant('constname'), "\n"; // affiche global
?>
Il faut utiliser un nom absolu (le nom de la classe, avec son préfixe d'espace de noms). Notez qu'il n'y a pas de différence entre un nom absolu et un nom qualifié dans un nom de classe, de fonction ou de constante dynamique, ce qui fait que l'antislash initial n'est pas nécessaire.

Exemple #2 Accès dynamique à des espaces de noms

<?php
namespace nomdelespacedenoms;
class
classname
{
function
__construct()
{
echo
__METHOD__,"\n";
}
}
function
funcname()
{
echo
__FUNCTION__,"\n";
}
const
constname = "namespaced";

/* Note que si vous utilisez des guillemets doubles, "\\nomdelespacedenoms\\classname" doit être utilisé */
$a = '\nomdelespacedenoms\classname';
$obj = new $a; // affiche nomdelespacedenoms\classname::__construct
$a = 'nomdelespacedenoms\classname';
$obj = new $a; // affiche aussi nomdelespacedenoms\classname::__construct
$b = 'nomdelespacedenoms\funcname';
$b(); // affiche nomdelespacedenoms\funcname
$b = '\nomdelespacedenoms\funcname';
$b(); // affiche aussi nomdelespacedenoms\funcname
echo constant('\nomdelespacedenoms\constname'), "\n"; // affiche namespaced
echo constant('nomdelespacedenoms\constname'), "\n"; // affiche aussi namespaced
?>

Il est recommandé de lire la note au sujet de la protection des espaces de noms dans les chaînes.

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User Contributed Notes 7 notes

up
70
Alexander Kirk
12 years ago
When extending a class from another namespace that should instantiate a class from within the current namespace, you need to pass on the namespace.

<?php // File1.php
namespace foo;
class
A {
    public function
factory() {
        return new
C;
    }
}
class
C {
    public function
tell() {
        echo
"foo";
    }
}
?>

<?php // File2.php
namespace bar;
class
B extends \foo\A {}
class
C {
    public function
tell() {
        echo
"bar";
    }
}
?>

<?php
include "File1.php";
include
"File2.php";
$b = new bar\B;
$c = $b->factory();
$c->tell(); // "foo" but you want "bar"
?>

You need to do it like this:

When extending a class from another namespace that should instantiate a class from within the current namespace, you need to pass on the namespace.

<?php // File1.php
namespace foo;
class
A {
    protected
$namespace = __NAMESPACE__;
    public function
factory() {
       
$c = $this->namespace . '\C';
        return new
$c;
    }
}
class
C {
    public function
tell() {
        echo
"foo";
    }
}
?>

<?php // File2.php
namespace bar;
class
B extends \foo\A {
    protected
$namespace = __NAMESPACE__;
}
class
C {
    public function
tell() {
        echo
"bar";
    }
}
?>

<?php
include "File1.php";
include
"File2.php";
$b = new bar\B;
$c = $b->factory();
$c->tell(); // "bar"
?>

(it seems that the namespace-backslashes are stripped from the source code in the preview, maybe it works in the main view. If not: fooA was written as \foo\A and barB as bar\B)
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4
Daan
4 years ago
Important to know is that you need to use the *fully qualified name* in a dynamic class name. Here is an example that emphasizes the difference between a dynamic class name and a normal class name.

<?php
namespace namespacename\foo;

class
classname     
{                                                                                       
    function
__construct()                                                              
    {                                                                                   
        echo
'bar';
    }                                                                                   
}                                                                                       

$a = '\namespacename\foo\classname'; // Works, is fully qualified name                  
$b = 'namespacename\foo\classname'; // Works, is treated as it was with a prefixed "\"  
$c = 'foo\classname'; // Will not work, it should be the fully qualified name           

// Use dynamic class name                                                                                        
new $a; // bar
new $b; // bar
new $c; // [500]: / - Uncaught Error: Class 'foo\classname' not found in

// Use normal class name                                                                                        
new \namespacename\foo\classname; // bar
new namespacename\foo\classname; // [500]: / - Uncaught Error: Class 'namespacename\foo\namespacename\foo\classname' not found
new foo\classname; // [500]: / - Uncaught Error: Class 'namespacename\foo\foo\classname' not found
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3
museyib dot e at gmail dot com
5 years ago
Be careful when using dynamic accessing namespaced elements. If you use double-quote backslashes will be parsed as escape character.

<?php
    $a
="\namespacename\classname"; //Invalid use and Fatal error.
   
$a="\\namespacename\\classname"; //Valid use.
   
$a='\namespacename\classname'; //Valid use.
?>
up
15
guilhermeblanco at php dot net
14 years ago
Please be aware of FQCN (Full Qualified Class Name) point.
Many people will have troubles with this:

<?php

// File1.php
namespace foo;

class
Bar { ... }

function
factory($class) {
    return new
$class;
}

// File2.php
$bar = \foo\factory('Bar'); // Will try to instantiate \Bar, not \foo\Bar

?>

To fix that, and also incorporate a 2 step namespace resolution, you can check for \ as first char of $class, and if not present, build manually the FQCN:

<?php

// File1.php
namespace foo;

function
factory($class) {
    if (
$class[0] != '\\') {
        echo
'->';
        
$class = '\\' . __NAMESPACE__ . '\\' . $class;
    }

    return new
$class();
}

// File2.php
$bar = \foo\factory('Bar'); // Will correctly instantiate \foo\Bar

$bar2 = \foo\factory('\anotherfoo\Bar'); // Wil correctly instantiate \anotherfoo\Bar

?>
up
3
m dot mannes at gmail dot com
7 years ago
Case you are trying call a static method that's the way to go:

<?php
class myClass
{
    public static function
myMethod()
    {
      return
"You did it!\n";
    }
}

$foo = "myClass";
$bar = "myMethod";

echo
$foo::$bar(); // prints "You did it!";
?>
up
5
akhoondi+php at gmail dot com
10 years ago
It might make it more clear if said this way:

One must note that when using a dynamic class name, function name or constant name, the "current namespace", as in http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.basics.php is global namespace.

One situation that dynamic class names are used is in 'factory' pattern. Thus, add the desired namespace of your target class before the variable name.

namespaced.php
<?php
// namespaced.php
namespace Mypackage;
class
Foo {
    public function
factory($name, $global = FALSE)
    {
        if (
$global)
           
$class = $name;
        else
           
$class = 'Mypackage\\' . $name;
        return new
$class;
    }
}

class
A {
    function
__construct()
    {
        echo
__METHOD__ . "<br />\n";
    }
}
class
B {
    function
__construct()
    {
        echo
__METHOD__ . "<br />\n";
    }
}
?>

global.php
<?php
// global.php
class A {
    function
__construct()
    {
        echo 
__METHOD__;
    }
}
?>

index.php
<?php
//  index.php
namespace Mypackage;
include(
'namespaced.php');
include(
'global.php');
 
 
$foo = new Foo();
 
 
$a = $foo->factory('A');        // Mypackage\A::__construct
 
$b = $foo->factory('B');        // Mypackage\B::__construct
 
 
$a2 = $foo->factory('A',TRUE);    // A::__construct
 
$b2 = $foo->factory('B',TRUE);    // Will produce : Fatal error: Class 'B' not found in ...namespaced.php on line ...
?>
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1
scott at intothewild dot ca
14 years ago
as noted by guilhermeblanco at php dot net,

<?php

 
// fact.php

 
namespace foo;

  class
fact {

    public function
create($class) {
      return new
$class();
    }
  }

?>

<?php

 
// bar.php

 
namespace foo;

  class
bar {
  ...
  }

?>

<?php

 
// index.php

 
namespace foo;

  include(
'fact.php');
 
 
$foofact = new fact();
 
$bar = $foofact->create('bar'); // attempts to create \bar
                                  // even though foofact and
                                  // bar reside in \foo

?>
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