dl

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

dl — Charge une extension PHP à la volée

Description

dl(string $extension_filename): bool

Charge l'extension PHP extension_filename à la volée.

Utilisez la fonction extension_loaded() pour vérifier qu'une extension est chargée ou non. Cette fonction travaille aussi bien avec les extensions natives qu'avec les extensions dynamiquement chargées (via le php.ini ou dl()).

Avertissement

Cette fonction a été supprimée de la plupart des SAPIs dans PHP 5.3.0, et a été supprimé de PHP-FPM dans php 7.0.0.

Liste de paramètres

extension_filename

Ce paramètre est seulement le nom de fichier de l'extension, qui dépend de votre plate-forme. Par exemple l'extension sockets (si compilée comme module partagé, et non par défaut), sera appelée sockets.so sous Unix, et php_sockets.dll sous Windows.

Le dossier à partir duquel sont chargées vos extensions dépend de votre plate-forme :

Windows - S'il n'est pas explicitement indiqué dans le fichier php.ini, l'extension est chargée depuis C:\php5\ par défaut.

Unix - S'il n'est pas explicitement indiqué dans le fichier php.ini, le dossier des extensions dépend de

Si PHP a été compilé avec l'option --enable-debug ou non
Si PHP a été compilé avec le support (expérimental) de ZTS (Zend Thread Safety) ou non
de la constante interne ZEND_MODULE_API_NO (version interne de module d'API Zend, qui est en réalité la date à laquelle une modification importante de l'API a été faite, par exemple 20010901)

En prenant ces paramètres en considération, le dossier des extensions vaut alors <install-dir>/lib/php/extensions/ <debug-or-not>-<zts-or-not>-ZEND_MODULE_API_NO, e.g. /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/debug-non-zts-20010901 ou /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20010901.

Valeurs de retour

Cette fonction retourne true en cas de succès ou false si une erreur survient. Si la fonctionnalité de chargement de module n'est pas disponible, ou a été désactivée (en désactivant la directive enable_dl dans le php.ini) une E_ERROR sera émise et l'exécution du script sera stoppée. Si la fonction dl() échoue parce que la bibliothèque n'a pu être trouvée, dl() retournera false et émettra un message d'alerte E_WARNING.

Exemples

Exemple #1 Exemples avec dl()


<?php
// Chargement pour toutes plates-formes
if (!extension_loaded('sqlite')) {
    if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) === 'WIN') {
        dl('php_sqlite.dll');
    } else {
        dl('sqlite.so');
    }
}

// Ou utiliser la constante PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX
if (!extension_loaded('sqlite')) {
    $prefix = (PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX === 'dll') ? 'php_' : '';
    dl($prefix . 'sqlite.' . PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX);
}
?>

Notes

Note:
dl() est sensible à la casse sur les plates-formes Unix.

Voir aussi

Directives de chargement d'extensions
extension_loaded() - Détermine si une extension est chargée ou non

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User Contributed Notes 7 notes

down

shaunspiller at spammenot-gmail dot com ¶

13 years ago


dl is awkward because the filename format is OS-dependent and because it can complain if the extension is already loaded. This wrapper function fixes that:

<?php

function load_lib($n, $f = null) {
    return extension_loaded($n) or dl(((PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX === 'dll') ? 'php_' : '') . ($f ? $f : $n) . '.' . PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX);
}

?>

Examples:

<?php

// ensure we have SSL and MySQL support
load_lib('openssl');
load_lib('mysql');

// a rare few extensions have a different filename to their extension name, such as the image (gd) library, so we specify them like this:
load_lib('gd', 'gd2');

?>

down

K. C. ¶

7 years ago


It would be nice to know which SAPIs removed the function. 

Telling me 'This function has been removed from some SAPIs in PHP 5.3.' is pretty much useless and I feel mocked. Or do the writers of the documentation don't know from which SAPIs it has been removed?

down

mag_2000 at front dot ru ¶

16 years ago


<?php

function dl_local( $extensionFile ) {
   //make sure that we are ABLE to load libraries
   if( !(bool)ini_get( "enable_dl" ) || (bool)ini_get( "safe_mode" ) ) {
     die( "dh_local(): Loading extensions is not permitted.\n" );
   }

     //check to make sure the file exists
   if( !file_exists( $extensionFile ) ) {
     die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' does not exist.\n" );
   }
   
   //check the file permissions
   if( !is_executable( $extensionFile ) ) {
     die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' is not executable.\n" );
   }

 //we figure out the path
 $currentDir = getcwd() . "/";
 $currentExtPath = ini_get( "extension_dir" );
 $subDirs = preg_match_all( "/\//" , $currentExtPath , $matches );
 unset( $matches );
 
     //lets make sure we extracted a valid extension path
   if( !(bool)$subDirs ) {
     die( "dl_local(): Could not determine a valid extension path [extension_dir].\n" );
   }
 
 $extPathLastChar = strlen( $currentExtPath ) - 1;
 
   if( $extPathLastChar == strrpos( $currentExtPath , "/" ) ) {
     $subDirs--;
   }

 $backDirStr = ""; 
     for( $i = 1; $i <= $subDirs; $i++ ) {
     $backDirStr .= "..";
       if( $i != $subDirs ) {
         $backDirStr .= "/";
       }
   }

 //construct the final path to load
 $finalExtPath = $backDirStr . $currentDir . $extensionFile;
 
   //now we execute dl() to actually load the module
     if( !dl( $finalExtPath ) ) {
     die();
   }

 //if the module was loaded correctly, we must bow grab the module name
 $loadedExtensions = get_loaded_extensions();
 $thisExtName = $loadedExtensions[ sizeof( $loadedExtensions ) - 1 ];
  
 //lastly, we return the extension name
  return $thisExtName;

}//end dl_local()

?>

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-1

anrdaemon at freemail dot ru ¶

5 years ago


Like with eval(), the only correct way to use dl() is to not use it.
Test if a function(s) you intend to use are available.
If not, complain to the user or implement a workaround.
Not to mention dl() issues in a multithreading environment.

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-1

endofyourself at yahoo dot com ¶

18 years ago


If you need to load an extension from the CURRENT local directory because you do not have privelages to place the extension in your servers PHP extensions directory, this function i wrote may be of use to you



<?php

/*

    Function: dl_local()

    Reference: http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.dl.php

    Author: Brendon Crawford <endofyourself |AT| yahoo>

    Usage: dl_local( "mylib.so" );

    Returns: Extension Name (NOT the extension filename however)

    NOTE:

        This function can be used when you need to load a PHP extension (module,shared object,etc..),

        but you do not have sufficient privelages to place the extension in the proper directory where it can be loaded. This function

        will load the extension from the CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY only.

        If you need to see which functions are available within a certain extension,

        use "get_extension_funcs()". Documentation for this can be found at

        "http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.get-extension-funcs.php".

*/



function dl_local( $extensionFile ) {

    //make sure that we are ABLE to load libraries

    if( !(bool)ini_get( "enable_dl" ) || (bool)ini_get( "safe_mode" ) ) {

     die( "dh_local(): Loading extensions is not permitted.\n" );

    }



     //check to make sure the file exists

    if( !file_exists( $extensionFile ) ) {

     die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' does not exist.\n" );

    }

    

    //check the file permissions

    if( !is_executable( $extensionFile ) ) {

     die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' is not executable.\n" );

    }



 //we figure out the path

 $currentDir = getcwd() . "/";

 $currentExtPath = ini_get( "extension_dir" );

 $subDirs = preg_match_all( "/\//" , $currentExtPath , $matches );

 unset( $matches );

 

     //lets make sure we extracted a valid extension path

    if( !(bool)$subDirs ) {

     die( "dl_local(): Could not determine a valid extension path [extension_dir].\n" );

    }

 

 $extPathLastChar = strlen( $currentExtPath ) - 1;

 

    if( $extPathLastChar == strrpos( $currentExtPath , "/" ) ) {

     $subDirs--;

    }



 $backDirStr = ""; 

     for( $i = 1; $i <= $subDirs; $i++ ) {

     $backDirStr .= "..";

        if( $i != $subDirs ) {

         $backDirStr .= "/";

        }

    }



 //construct the final path to load

 $finalExtPath = $backDirStr . $currentDir . $extensionFile;

 

    //now we execute dl() to actually load the module

     if( !dl( $finalExtPath ) ) {

     die();

    }



 //if the module was loaded correctly, we must bow grab the module name

 $loadedExtensions = get_loaded_extensions();

 $thisExtName = $loadedExtensions[ sizeof( $loadedExtensions ) - 1 ];

  

 //lastly, we return the extension name

  return $thisExtName;



}//end dl_local()



?>

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-9

Anonymous ¶

11 years ago


this function errors out as the dl() cannot take the absolute path..."Warning: dl() [function.dl]: Temporary module name should contain only filename in /home/..."

down

-5

fabrizim at owlwatch dot com ¶

9 years ago


As noted in the documentation:

Changelog 5.3: dl() is now disabled in some SAPIs due to stability issues. The only SAPIs that allow dl() are CLI and Embed. Use the Extension Loading Directives instead.

If using PEAR libraries that try to load extensions, like Image_Transform which will try to load ImageMagik, and the "enable_dl" directive is set to 1 in your php.ini, you may end up with a hard to find error (white screen of death).

One "solution" is to change the enable_dl directive to 0 in the php.ini. It may have adverse affects if you are using php on command line that requires the "dl" function, but I think in most cases its okay.

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