If you intend on creating a lot of custom exceptions, you may find this code useful. I've created an interface and an abstract exception class that ensures that all parts of the built-in Exception class are preserved in child classes. It also properly pushes all information back to the parent constructor ensuring that nothing is lost. This allows you to quickly create new exceptions on the fly. It also overrides the default __toString method with a more thorough one.
<?php
interface IException
{
/* Protected methods inherited from Exception class */
public function getMessage(); // Exception message
public function getCode(); // User-defined Exception code
public function getFile(); // Source filename
public function getLine(); // Source line
public function getTrace(); // An array of the backtrace()
public function getTraceAsString(); // Formated string of trace
/* Overrideable methods inherited from Exception class */
public function __toString(); // formated string for display
public function __construct($message = null, $code = 0);
}
abstract class CustomException extends Exception implements IException
{
protected $message = 'Unknown exception'; // Exception message
private $string; // Unknown
protected $code = 0; // User-defined exception code
protected $file; // Source filename of exception
protected $line; // Source line of exception
private $trace; // Unknown
public function __construct($message = null, $code = 0)
{
if (!$message) {
throw new $this('Unknown '. get_class($this));
}
parent::__construct($message, $code);
}
public function __toString()
{
return get_class($this) . " '{$this->message}' in {$this->file}({$this->line})\n"
. "{$this->getTraceAsString()}";
}
}
?>
Now you can create new exceptions in one line:
<?php
class TestException extends CustomException {}
?>
Here's a test that shows that all information is properly preserved throughout the backtrace.
<?php
function exceptionTest()
{
try {
throw new TestException();
}
catch (TestException $e) {
echo "Caught TestException ('{$e->getMessage()}')\n{$e}\n";
}
catch (Exception $e) {
echo "Caught Exception ('{$e->getMessage()}')\n{$e}\n";
}
}
echo '<pre>' . exceptionTest() . '</pre>';
?>
Here's a sample output:
Caught TestException ('Unknown TestException')
TestException 'Unknown TestException' in C:\xampp\htdocs\CustomException\CustomException.php(31)
#0 C:\xampp\htdocs\CustomException\ExceptionTest.php(19): CustomException->__construct()
#1 C:\xampp\htdocs\CustomException\ExceptionTest.php(43): exceptionTest()
#2 {main}
Exceptions
Indholdsfortegnelse
PHP 5 has an exception model similar to that of other programming languages. An exception can be thrown, and caught ("catched") within PHP. Code may be surrounded in a try block, to facilitate the catching of potential exceptions. Each try must have at least one corresponding catch block. Multiple catch blocks can be used to catch different classes of exceptions. Normal execution (when no exception is thrown within the try block, or when a catch matching the thrown exception's class is not present) will continue after that last catch block defined in sequence. Exceptions can be thrown (or re-thrown) within a catch block.
When an exception is thrown, code following the statement will not be executed, and PHP will attempt to find the first matching catch block. If an exception is not caught, a PHP Fatal Error will be issued with an "Uncaught Exception ..." message, unless a handler has been defined with set_exception_handler().
The thrown object must be an instance of the Exception class or a subclass of Exception. Trying to throw an object that is not will result in a PHP Fatal Error.
Note:
Internal PHP functions mainly use Error reporting, only modern Object oriented extensions use exceptions. However, errors can be simply translated to exceptions with ErrorException.
Tip
The Standard PHP Library (SPL) provides a good number of built-in exceptions.
Eksempel #1 Throwing an Exception
<?php
function inverse($x) {
if (!$x) {
throw new Exception('Division by zero.');
}
else return 1/$x;
}
try {
echo inverse(5) . "\n";
echo inverse(0) . "\n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo 'Caught exception: ', $e->getMessage(), "\n";
}
// Continue execution
echo 'Hello World';
?>
The above example will output:
0.2 Caught exception: Division by zero. Hello World
Eksempel #2 Nested Exception
<?php
class MyException extends Exception { }
class Test {
public function testing() {
try {
try {
throw new MyException('foo!');
} catch (MyException $e) {
/* rethrow it */
throw $e;
}
} catch (Exception $e) {
var_dump($e->getMessage());
}
}
}
$foo = new Test;
$foo->testing();
?>
The above example will output:
string(4) "foo!"
add a note
User Contributed Notes 12 notes
ask at nilpo dot com ¶
14 years ago
Johan ¶
12 years ago
Custom error handling on entire pages can avoid half rendered pages for the users:
<?php
ob_start();
try {
/*contains all page logic
and throws error if needed*/
...
} catch (Exception $e) {
ob_end_clean();
displayErrorPage($e->getMessage());
}
?>
christof+php[AT]insypro.com ¶
6 years ago
In case your E_WARNING type of errors aren't catchable with try/catch you can change them to another type of error like this:
<?php
set_error_handler(function($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){
if($errno === E_WARNING){
// make it more serious than a warning so it can be caught
trigger_error($errstr, E_ERROR);
return true;
} else {
// fallback to default php error handler
return false;
}
});
try {
// code that might result in a E_WARNING
} catch(Exception $e){
// code to handle the E_WARNING (it's actually changed to E_ERROR at this point)
} finally {
restore_error_handler();
}
?>
Shot (Piotr Szotkowski) ¶
15 years ago
‘Normal execution (when no exception is thrown within the try block, *or when a catch matching the thrown exception’s class is not present*) will continue after that last catch block defined in sequence.’
‘If an exception is not caught, a PHP Fatal Error will be issued with an “Uncaught Exception …” message, unless a handler has been defined with set_exception_handler().’
These two sentences seem a bit contradicting about what happens ‘when a catch matching the thrown exception’s class is not present’ (and the second sentence is actually correct).
daviddlowe dot flimm at gmail dot com ¶
6 years ago
Starting in PHP 7, the classes Exception and Error both implement the Throwable interface. This means, if you want to catch both Error instances and Exception instances, you should catch Throwable objects, like this:
<?php
try {
throw new Error( "foobar" );
// or:
// throw new Exception( "foobar" );
}
catch (Throwable $e) {
var_export( $e );
}
?>
Simo ¶
9 years ago
#3 is not a good example. inverse("0a") would not be caught since (bool) "0a" returns true, yet 1/"0a" casts the string to integer zero and attempts to perform the calculation.
Edu ¶
10 years ago
The "finally" block can change the exception that has been throw by the catch block.
<?php
try{
try {
throw new \Exception("Hello");
} catch(\Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage()." catch in\n";
throw $e;
} finally {
echo $e->getMessage()." finally \n";
throw new \Exception("Bye");
}
} catch (\Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage()." catch out\n";
}
?>
The output is:
Hello catch in
Hello finally
Bye catch out
mlaopane at gmail dot com ¶
6 years ago
<?php
/**
* You can catch exceptions thrown in a deep level function
*/
function employee()
{
throw new \Exception("I am just an employee !");
}
function manager()
{
employee();
}
function boss()
{
try {
manager();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
}
}
boss(); // output: "I am just an employee !"
telefoontoestel at nospam dot org ¶
9 years ago
When using finally keep in mind that when a exit/die statement is used in the catch block it will NOT go through the finally block.
<?php
try {
echo "try block<br />";
throw new Exception("test");
} catch (Exception $ex) {
echo "catch block<br />";
} finally {
echo "finally block<br />";
}
// try block
// catch block
// finally block
?>
<?php
try {
echo "try block<br />";
throw new Exception("test");
} catch (Exception $ex) {
echo "catch block<br />";
exit(1);
} finally {
echo "finally block<br />";
}
// try block
// catch block
?>
Sawsan ¶
12 years ago
the following is an example of a re-thrown exception and the using of getPrevious function:
<?php
$name = "Name";
//check if the name contains only letters, and does not contain the word name
try
{
try
{
if (preg_match('/[^a-z]/i', $name))
{
throw new Exception("$name contains character other than a-z A-Z");
}
if(strpos(strtolower($name), 'name') !== FALSE)
{
throw new Exception("$name contains the word name");
}
echo "The Name is valid";
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
throw new Exception("insert name again",0,$e);
}
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
if ($e->getPrevious())
{
echo "The Previous Exception is: ".$e->getPrevious()->getMessage()."<br/>";
}
echo "The Exception is: ".$e->getMessage()."<br/>";
}
?>
Daan ¶
2 years ago
I would like to emphasise that you can not rethrow an Exception inside a catch-block and expect that the next catch-block will handle it.
<?php
try {
throw new RuntimeException('error');
} catch (RuntimeException $e) {
throw $e;
} catch (Exception $e) {
// this will not be executed[
}
?>
Tom Polomsk ¶
9 years ago
Contrary to the documentation it is possible in PHP 5.5 and higher use only try-finally blocks without any catch block.
